Bsc2086 Exam 3 Ch. 21

Front 1

Lymphatic and Immune Systems (4 functions)

Back 1

1. Maintains fluid balance
2. Protects body from infections and disease
3. Lipid absorption
4. Fluid Recovery

Front 2

Describe Lymph.

Back 2

Clear, colorless fluid
Similar to plasma but with less protein

Front 3

What occurs during fluid recovery of the lymphatic system?

Back 3

Absorbs plasma proteins and fluid
2-4 L/day from tissues and returns to bloodstream

Front 4

Lymphatic Vessels layers

Back 4

1. Tunica interna [endothelium and valves]
2. Tunica Media [elastic fibers, smooth muscle]
3. Tunica Externa [thin outer layer, facilitates drainage]

Front 5

Lymph Flow

Back 5

Vessels course through lymph node
Lymphatic trunks drain body into collecting ducts

Front 6

Right Lymphatic Duct
(receives lymph from ?)

Back 6

From R. Arm
R. side of head and thorax
Empties into R. Subclavian vein

Front 7

Thoracic Duct

Back 7

Lymph from below diaphragm, Left Arm.
Left side of Head, Neck and Thorax empties into Left Subclavian vein.

Front 8

Right Lymphatic duct empties into?
Thoracic duct empties into ?

Back 8

Right -> Right subclavian vein.
Thoracic --> left subclavian vein

Front 9

What about the lymphatic system is an important diagnostic piece?

Back 9

lymphatic drainage

Front 10

Lymphatic Cells (List)

Back 10

1. Natural Killer Cells (NK) cells
2. T lymphocytes (T cells)
3. B lymphocytes (B cells)
4. Macrophages (APC)
5. Dendritic cells (APC)
6. Reticular cells (APC)

Front 11

Which lymphatic cells are APCs (Antigen-presenting cells) ?

Back 11

Macrophages
Dendritic cells
Reticular cells

Front 12

NK Cells are responsible for ?

Back 12

Immune surveillance

Front 13

T lymphocytes mature where?

Back 13

in thymus

Front 14

B lymphocytes

Back 14

Activation causes proliferation and differentiation into plasma cells that produce antibodies

Front 15

Antigen-presenting cells do what?

Back 15

Process foreign matter and display antigenic fragments of it to certain T cells, alerting the immune system to the presence of an enemy.

Front 16

Macrophages are?

Back 16

Very large, avidly phagocytotic cells of connective tissues; from monocytes; phagocytize tissue debris, dead neutrophils, bacteria, and other foreign matter

Front 17

Dendritic cells are ?

Back 17

Branched, mobile APCs found in epidermis, mucous membranes, and lymphatic organs.

Front 18

Reticular cells are in?

Back 18

Stroma of lymph organs

Front 19

Lymphatic tissue

Back 19

Aggregation of lymphocytes in the connective tissues of mucus membranes and different organs.

Front 20

Different forms of lymphatic tissue

Back 20

1. Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (body passages open to exterior)
2. Lymphatic nodules (dense masses)
3. Peyer patches (ileocecal jcxn)

Front 21

Primary Lymphatic Organs (2)

Back 21

Red Bone Marrow + Thymus
- B and T lymphocytes become immunocompetent = recognize and respond to antigens

Front 22

Secondary Lymphatic Organs (3)

Back 22

Lymph nodes, tonsils, spleen
- have immunocompetent lymphocytes only after the cells mature in primary lymphatic organs

Front 23

Most famous lymph node?

Back 23

Tonsils

Front 24

3 Sets of Tonsils

Back 24

1. 2 Palatine tonsils (oral cavity)
2. 2 Lingual tonsils
3. 5 Pharyngeal tonsil (adenoid)

Front 25

Thymus (2 functions)

Back 25

1. Forms blood-thymus barrier in cortex
2. Secretes hormones - thymopoietin, thymulin, thymosins
3. Helps develop T lymphocytes
3. Promotes development of T lymphocytes

Front 26

What are lymph nodes?

Back 26

Accumulation of lymphocytes in an area

Front 27

Lymph nodes functions (2)

Back 27

Cleanse the lymph; site of T and B cell activation.

Front 28

What are the spleen's functions? (3)

Back 28

1. Produces blood cells in extreme anemia
2. Erythrocyte graveyard
3. Stabilizes blood volume