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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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PROTISTS INCLUDE?
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ALL EUKARYOTES EXCEPT FUNGI, ANIMALS, AND PLANTS
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WHAT IS THE PHYLOGENY AND KINGDOM OF PROTISTS?
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PARAPHYLETIC, PROTISTA (ONE OF THE 5 KINGDOMS)
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WHAT ARE PROTISTS?
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1) USUALLY UNICELLULAR
2) NUTRITIONALLY DIVERSE 3) USUALLY IN WATER 4) SEXUAL & ASEXUAL 5) SPECIALIZED ORGANELLES 6) HIGHLY DIVERSE |
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WHAT ARE THE 4 MAJOR NUTRITIONAL CATEGORIES OF PROTISTS?
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1) PHOTOSYNTHETIC (PLANT LIKE) PROTISTS, EX: ALGA
2) INGESTIVE (ANIMAL LIKE), EX: PROTOZOANS 3) ABSORPTIVE (FUNGUS-LIKE), EX: OOMYCETES + OTHERS 4) MIXOTROPHIC, EX: EUGLENA |
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WHO WAS THE FIRST TO SEE BACTERIA, PROTISTS, BLOOD CELLS, ETC.?
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ANTONI VAN LEEUWENHOK
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WHAT LEAD TO HIGH PROTISTS DIVERSITY?
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ENDOSYMBIOSIS
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WHAT IS ENDOSYMBIOTIC MODEL?
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1) SMALL PROKARYOTES ENTER HOST OR ARE ENGULFED
2) HOST GAIN SELECTIVE ADVANTAGE 3) HOST AND ENDOSYMBIONTS BECOME SINGLE ORGANISM |
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MITOCHONDRIA PROBABLY DERIVED FROM WHAT?
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ALPHA PROTEOBACTERIA... EARLY ORIGIN, ALL EUKARYOTES HAVE MITOCHONDRIA OR HAVE HAD THEM
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PLASTIDS PROBABLY DERIVED FROM WHAT?
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CYANOBACTERIA... ORIGIN, LATER THAN MITOCHONDRIA
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WHAT ARE PLASTIDS?
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MAJOR ORGANELLES FOUND IN PLANTS AND ALGA, EX: CHLOROPLASTS
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DESCRIBE CHARACTERISTICS DIPLOMONADS AND PARABASALIDS SHARE
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1) LACK PLASTIDS
2) MITOCHONDRIA DO NOT HAVE DNA, ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAINS, OR CITRIC ACID ENZYMES 3) USUALLY FOUND IN ANAEROBIC ENVIRONMENTS 4) MANY PARASITIC |
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DIPLOMONADS HAVE?
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2 NUCLEI AND MANY FLAGELLA
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WHAT IS AN EXAMPLE OF A DIPLOMONAD?
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GIARDIA INTESTINALIS
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WHAT CAN PREVENT GIARDIA INTESTINALIS?
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BOILING WATER, & USING IODINE TO KILL SPORES
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WHAT CHARACTERIZES PROTISTA > EUGLENZOA?
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1) FLAGELLA
2) AUTO-HETERO-MIXO--TROPIC |
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WHAT ARE THE TWO MAIN GROUPS OF EUGLENZOA?
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KINETOPLASTIDS AND EUGLENIDS
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WHAT DISTINGUISHES KINETOPLASTIDS?
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PRECENSE OF KINETOPLAST: 1 LARGE MITROCHONDRIAN THAT HOUSES EXTRANUCLEAR DNA
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WHAT KINETOPLASTID CAUSES AFRICAN SLEEPING SICKNESS?
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TRYPANOSOMA BRUCEI, SPREAD BY THE TSETSE FLY
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DESCRIBE TRYPANOSOMA'S 'BAIT AND SWITCH'
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SURFACE PROTEIN COAT SWITCHES TO EXVADE HOST ANTIBODIES
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DESCRIBE EUGLENIDS
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1-3 FLAGELLA, & ARE FACULTATIVELY PHOTOSYNTHETIC, CAN SWITCH TO HETEROTROPHY IN ABSENCE OF LIGHT
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WHAT ARE THE THREE MAIN GROUPS OF ALVEOLATA?
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1) DINOFLAGELLATES
2) APICOCOMPLEXANS 3) CILIATES |
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WHAT CHARACTERISTIC DO ALVEOLATES SHARE?
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ALVEOLI (SMALL MEMBRANE BOUND SACS UNDER PLASMA MEMBRANE)
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DESCRIBE DINOFLAGELLATES
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1) USUALLY UNICELLUAR
2) PHYTOPLANKTON COMMUNITY 3) ALGAL BLOOMS, "RED TIDE" - DUE TO CARTENOIDS 4) CELLULOSE ARMOR |
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WHAT ATP-DRIVEN REACTION CAUSES SOME DINOFLAGELLATES TO BECOME BIOLUMINESCENT?
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ENZYME LUCIFERASE
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WHY ARE SOME DINOFLAGELLATES SO IMPORTANT TO THE OCEAN COMMUNITY?
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SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIP WITH CORAL, THAT FIXES CARBON FOR CORAL GROWTH
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NO DINOFLAGELLATES = ?
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NO CORAL
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PROTISTA > APICOCOMPLEXANS
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1) MOSTLY PARISTIC.. ONE END THE APEX, CONTAINS A COMPLEX OF ORGANELLES SPECIALIZED FOR PENETRATING HOST
2) ASEXUAL AND SEXUAL |
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WHAT PARISTIC APICOCOMPLEXAN CAUSES MALARIA?
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PLASMODIUM W/ VECTOR MOSQUITO ANOPHELES
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WHAT LAUNCHED THE MODERN ENVIRONMENTALIST MOVEMENT?
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RACHEL CARSON'S 'SILENT SPRING' DOCUMENTING BIOACCUMULATION OF DDT, A AGRO-INSECTICIDE / ANOPHELES MOSQUITOE INSECTICIDE
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DESCRIBE CILIATES
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ONE OF THE THREE MAJOR PHLYA OF AVEOLATES, CONTAIN MACRONULEUS AND MICRONUCLEI.. EX: PARAMECIUM
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WHAT IS A MACRONUCLEUS
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50 COPIES OF GENOME, BROKEN INTO SMALL SECTIONS (NOT CHROMOSOMES)... CONTROLS EVERYDAY FUNCTION, ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
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WHAT ARE MICRONUCLEI?
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1-80 COPIES OF GENOME, REQUIRED FOR SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
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DESCRIBE THE PROTISTA CLADE STRAMENOPHILA
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HAIRY AND SMOOTH FLAGELLA
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WHAT ARE THE 4 MAJOR GROUPS OF STRAMENOPHILIA?
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1) OOMYCOTA
2) DIATOMS (BACILLARIOPHYTA) 3) CHRYSOPHYTA 4) PHAEOPHYTA |
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WHAT ARE OOMYCETES?
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WATER MOLDS, RESEMBLE FUNGI (CONVERGENCE), CELLULOSE IN CELL WALLS, LOST PLASTIDS, HYPHAE THAT ABSORB NUTRIENTS
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WHAT IS AN EXAMPLE OF OOMYCETES?
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PHYTOPHTHORA INFESTANS, POTATOE BLIGHT
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WHAT ARE DIATOMS?
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UNICELLULAR PHOTOSYNTHETIC ALGAE, SHELL MADE OF SILICA, DOMINANT COMPONENT OF PHYTOPLANKTON, MAJOR CARBON SINK, USES IN NANO-ENGINEERING
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WHAT ARE GOLDEN ALGAE, CHRYSOPHYTA?
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MOSTLY FRESHWATER, UNICELLULAR, ALL PHOTOSYNTHETIC (SOME MIXOTROPHIC) ALGAE
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WHAT ARE BROWN ALGAE
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MULTICELLUAR, MOSTLY MARINE, W/ CONVERGENCE ON PLANT DESIGN (BLADE = LEAVES, STIPE = STEM, HOLDFAST = ROOTS) W/ FLOATS TO RISE UP INTO WATER COLUMN... SOME WITH HETEROMORPHIC ALTERNATION OF GENERATIONS
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DESCRIBE ALTERNATION OF GENERATIONS
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BOTH HAPLIOD AND DIPLIOD STAGES ARE MULTICELLULAR
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WHAT IS A COMMERCIAL USE OF BROWN ALGAE?
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ALGINS, THICKENING AGENTS
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WHAT ARE THE 3 AMOEBOID PROTISTA?
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CERCOZOA, RADIOLARIA, AND AMOEBOZOA
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WHAT ARE PSEUDOPODIA?
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TEMPORARY PROJECTS OF CELL THAT ALLOW LOCOMOTION AND CAPTURING PREY
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DESCRIBE THE CLADE CERCOZOA
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FORAMINIFERA, WITH POROUS SHELL MADE OF CALCIUM CARBONATE CALLED TESTS WHICH FORM CHALKS
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DESCRIBE THE CLADE RADIOLARIA
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SHELLS MADE OF SILICA, NOT MULTICHAMBERED, PSEUDOPODIA RADIATE FROM CENTER
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