Bsc 380 - Chapter 10 Taxonomy

Front 1

Organisms are named and arranged into taxa

Providing:
Universal names
Reference
Facilitating research, scholarship, and communication

Back 1

Organisms are named and arranged into __________

Providing:
Universal __________
__________
Facilitating __________, __________, and __________

Front 2

Phylogeny provides tools for clarifying evolution of organisms as well as their interrelationships

Back 2

__________ provides tools for clarifying __________ of organisms as well as their __________

Front 3

All Species Inventory 2001 - 2025

There are 10-100 million estimated species and only 2.5 million inventoried so far.

Back 3

All Species Inventory 2001 - __________

There are __________ million estimated species and only __________ million inventoried so far.

Front 4

The scientific name of a species comes from the genus and the specific epithet.

Back 4

The scientific name of a species comes from the __________ and the __________.

Front 5

Carlous Lennaeus started the 2 Kingdom system in 1735, the Plant and Animal Kingdoms.

In 1857 bacteria & fungi were put into the Plant Kingdom.

Ernst Haeckel added the Protista Kingdom in 1866.

In 1959 the Fungi Kingdom was added.

In 1969 Robert Whittaker created 5 Kingdoms: Plantae, Animalia, Fungi, Protista, Monera.

Carl Woese created the 3 domain Kingdom in 1978. Eukarya, Bacteria, and Archaea were based on variation in cellular composition supported primarily on evidence from rRNA differences.

Back 5

__________ started the 2 Kingdom system in __________, the __________ and __________ Kingdoms.

In __________, __________& __________ were put into the Plant Kingdom.

__________ added the __________ Kingdom in __________.

In __________ the __________ Kingdom was added.

In __________, __________ created 5 Kingdoms: __________, __________, __________, __________, __________.

__________ created the 3 domain Kingdom in __________. __________, __________, and __________were based on variation in __________ supported primarily on evidence from __________ differences.

Front 6

Prokaryote term introduced in 1937.

In 1961 the current definition of prokaryote introduced. It is a single organism with no nuclear membrane isolating their DNA.

Back 6

Prokaryote term introduced in __________.

In __________ the current definition of prokaryote introduced. It is a single organism with __________ isolating their __________.

Front 7

Eukaryotic species is based biological species concept which is based on mating behavior.

Populations of eukaryotic species are closely related group of organisms that breed and produce fertile offspring.

Back 7

Eukaryotic species is based __________ which is based on __________ behavior.

Populations of eukaryotic species are closely related group of organisms that __________ and produce __________.

Front 8

Prokaryotic species are a population of cells with similar characteristics.

Clone is an exact copy while a strain is a variation from the wild type or mutation.

Back 8

Prokaryotic species are a population of __________ with similar __________.

__________ are an exact copy while a __________ is a variation from the __________ or __________.

Front 9

Viral species are a group of viral particles with similar characteristics that occupy the same ecological niche.

Back 9

Viral species are a group of __________ with similar __________ that occupy the same __________.

Front 10

Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology

Provides identification schemes for identifying bacteria and archaea.

Morphology
Differential staining
Biochemical tests

Back 10

Bergey's Manual of __________ Bacteriology

Provides identification schemes for identifying bacteria and archaea.

__________
__________
__________

Front 11

Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology

Provides phylogenetic information on bacteria and archaea

Based on rRNA sequencing

Back 11

Bergey's Manual of __________ Bacteriology

Provides phylogenetic information on bacteria and archaea

__________

Front 12

Approved Lists of Bacterial Names

Lists species of known prokaryotes
Based on published articles

Back 12

Approved Lists of Bacterial Names

__________
__________

Front 13

Methods of Identifying Microorganisms

1. Morphological characteristics
2. Differential and structural stains
3. Biochemical tests
4. Serology - based on antigenic nature of microbes
5. Phage typing - determines to which phages a bacteria is susceptible
6. Analysis of nucleic acids

Back 13

Methods of Identifying Microorganisms

1. __________ characteristics
2. __________ and __________ stains
3. __________ tests
4. __________ - based on __________ nature of microbes
5. __________ typing - determines to which __________ a __________ is susceptible
6. Analysis of __________

Front 14

Biochemical tests for identifying microorganisms are based on enzyme activity.

Back 14

__________ tests for identifying microorganisms are based on __________.

Front 15

Analysis of nucleic acids

DNA base composition uses C + G ration pairing.
DNA fingerprinting using electrophoresis of RFLPs
Nucleic acid hybridization
rRNA sequencing
PCR

Back 15

Analysis of __________

__________ composition uses __________ ration pairing.
DNA __________ using __________ of RFLPs
__________ hybridization
__________ sequencing
__________

Front 16

ELISA is enzyme linked immunosorbent assay

Back 16

ELISA is __________

Front 17

Slide agglutination tests combines unknown bacteria with a known antiserum.

Back 17

__________ combines unknown __________ with a known __________.

Front 18

Western blotting uses gel electrophoresis to determine bacteria or virus types.

Back 18

__________ uses __________ to determine __________ or __________ types.

Front 19

.

Back 19

Front 20

.

Back 20

Front 21

.

Back 21

Front 22

rapid identification

Back 22

Front 23

phage typing

Back 23

Front 24

nucleic hybridization

Back 24