Bsc 2011C Exam Three Flash Cards Circulation

Front 1

Transport system that connects “organs of exchange” w/ entire body
Allows all cells to exchange w/ the environment
Allows communication between different organs and organ systems

Back 1

Circulatory System

Front 2

Functions in:
Digestion
Distribution of substances throughout entire Body

Back 2

Gastrovascular cavity

Front 3

How many layers do nutrients diffuse through in simple animals?

Back 3

1

Front 4

Organisms with highly branched GVC and flat body

Back 4

Planarian

Front 5

Organisms with Elaborate GVC w/ ciliated cells to move substances
Radial canal
Circular canal
No Heart, but have ciliated cells

Back 5

Jellies

Front 6

Blood never leaves tubes and moves in one direction;
O2 rich blood doesn’t mix w/ O2 poor blood nor waste (NH3)

Back 6

Closed System

Front 7

/nutrients/NH3 moves btwn cells & blood via _______

Back 7

interstitial fluids

Front 8

Closed System occurs in some _______ and all __________

Back 8

Occurs in some invertebrates & ALL vertebrates

Front 9

Tubes open-ended
O2 rich and poor hemolymph and waste (NH3) mix

Back 9

Open System

Front 10

Open system occurs in__________ andl___________

Back 10

Occurs in arthropods & mollusks

Front 11

In an open system, tissues/organs in hemocoel bathe in ________

Back 11

Hemolymph: analogous to blood + interstitial fluid

Front 12

Lower pressure so requires less energy

Back 12

Open circulatory system

Front 13

Higher pressure allows distant delivery (i.e. bigger bodies)
Allows for a design in which oxygenated and deoxygenated blood is not mixed

Back 13

Closed circulatory system

Front 14

What has 2-chambers (1A, 1V); Single circulation

Back 14

Fishes

Front 15

What has 3-chambers (2A, 1V)
Some O2 rich/poor blood mixes but ridge keeps most separate
Double circulation

Back 15

Amphibians

Front 16

When ________ dive, O2 poor blood is diverted from lungs but not skin. This is known as ___________

Back 16

Amphibians

Cutaneous respiration

Front 17

Partial septum in ventricle keeps almost all O2 rich/poor blood separate – still some mixture
TWO systemic aortas
Double circulation

Back 17

Reptiles (except birds)

Front 18

The heart of turtles, snakes, and lizards has __ total chambers. _____ atria and ______ ventricle(s).

Back 18

3-chambers (2A, 1V)

Front 19

Mammalian Circulation pathway (Start with R atrium)

Back 19

1. R atrium to R ventricle
2. to pulmonary arteries
3. to capillaries of lungs
4. to pulmonary vein
5. to L atrium to L venticle
6. to aorta
7. to coronary arteries of heart and arteries/ capillaries of the head,
limbs and organs
8. to anterior and posterior vena cava (largest vein)
9. to R atrium

Front 20

Two different types of valves in mammalian heart?

Back 20

Atrioventricular and Semilunar

Front 21

Atrioventricular valves prevent?

Back 21

backflow from ventricles back into atria

Front 22

Semilunar valves prevent

Back 22

backflow from aorta/pulmonary arteries back into ventricles

Front 23

Cardiac output = ?

Depends on?

Back 23

-Blood volume pumped per minute

Heart rate - beats per minute
Stroke volume - amount of blood pumped from ventricle per contraction

Front 24

Control of heart rhythm (electrical pathway)

Back 24

1. Sinoatrial node generates signal causing atria to contract
2. Signals delayed at atrioventricular node
3. Signals pass to heart apex
4. Signals spreads throughout ventricles
Figure 42.9 (Campbell 8th ed)

Front 25

_______________ between cardiac muscle cells speed transmission of signal

Back 25

Intercalated discs

Front 26

3 Tissues layers of arteries and veins?

Back 26

1. Outer connective tissue
2. Middle smooth muscle
3. Inner epithelim (endothelium)

Front 27

Outter connective tissue is ______ in arteries; Middle smooth muscle is _______ in arteries; Endothelium is ______ in arteries and viens

Back 27

-Thicker
-Thicker

-Similar

Front 28

The lumen is _______ in viens

Back 28

Larger

Front 29

Valves are present in?

Back 29

Veins only

Front 30

Blood velocity decreases as it goes from thick arteries into thin capillaries. Why?

Back 30

Surface Area of Capillaries spreads it out

Front 31

Total volume of capillaries is _______ than in arteries

Back 31

higher

Front 32

Low area in the arteries causes _________. High area in capillaries causes _____________.

Back 32

-high pressure

-low pressure

Front 33

Blood flow in arteries due to 3 factors:

Back 33

A. heart pumping
B. contraction of smooth muscle
C. recoil of elastic connective tissue

Front 34

Blood flow in veins due to:

Back 34

contraction of smooth muscle
contraction of skeletal muscle
expansion due to pressure change (veins near heart only)

Front 35

_____________ and __________ affect fluid exchange
btwn capillaries and interstitial fluid

Back 35

Osmotic pressure (OP)

blood pressure (BP)

Front 36

On the venous end of the capillary bed, ______ is higher than _________. This causes interstitial fluid (H2O) + waste (CO2, NH3) flow from _________ into _________ due to osmosis

Back 36

OP is higher than BP

tissues into capillary.

Front 37

On the arteriole end of the capillary bed, ______ is higher than _________. This causes H2O, nutrients, O2 to flow from ________ into __________.

Back 37

BP is higher than OP

capilaries into tissues

Front 38

Hardening of the arteries is also known as

Back 38

ATHerosclerosis

Front 39

Plasma makes up ____% of blood. Cells make up _______%.

Back 39

55%

45%

Front 40

55% of blood is ________ and 45% is _________

Back 40

Plasma

Cells

Front 41

90% of plasma is __________

Back 41

H2O

Front 42

Stem cells found in

Back 42

red bone marrow (ribs, vertebrae, pelvis)

Front 43

Plasma consists of
1.
2.
3.
4.

Back 43

1. Water
2. Ions
3. Proteins
4. Transported substances

Front 44

Function of Ions in plasma

Back 44

Osmotic balance, pH buffering, and regulation of membrane permeability

Front 45

Function of proteins in plasma

Back 45

Osmotic balance, pH buffering, clotting, immune defense

Front 46

What types of cells make up the cells in blood?

Back 46

Erythrocytes (red blood cells) - Transport oxygen and help transport carbon dioxide

Leukocytes (white blood cells)

Platelets - Blood clotting

Front 47

_________cells can become anything in the body

Back 47

Plueripotent

Front 48

________stem cell produces lymphoid and myeloid stem cells

Back 48

Multipotent

Front 49

________Stem Cells produce lymphocytes (immune system WBCs)

__________ Stem Cells produce all other WBCs, RBCs, platelets

Back 49

Lymphoid

Myeloid

Front 50

Erythrocyte production controlled via

Back 50

negative feedback loop

Front 51

__________________________ causes release of hormone ____________ which acts on stem cells to increase RBCs

Back 51

-Low O2 signal in kidney

-erythropoietin

High O2 stops release of erythropoietin