Bsc 2010 Campbell Biology Second Half Of Ch 5

Front 1

Summarize the different roles proteins play in organisms.

Back 1

Energy, storage, structure, movement, transport, defense, enzymes

Front 2

Are the terms protein and polypeptide synonymous?

Back 2

Amino acids make up polypeptides which make up proteins.

Front 3

What is the basic structure of an amino acid?

Back 3

1) amino group (basic+)
2) carboxyl group (acidic-)
3) central alpha Carbon
4) Hydrogen atom
5) variable R goup (20 possibilities)

Front 4

How are amino acids joined?

Back 4

Peptide bond covalently joins the carboxyl group of one amino acid with the amino group of the next

Front 5

How are amino acids grouped?

Back 5

R group possibilities
1) polar (uncharged)
2) charged (2 acidic & 3 basic)
3) nonpolar

Front 6

How are polypeptiedes made?

Back 6

Dehydration

Front 7

Describe a polypeptide.

Back 7

1) N-C-C backbone
2) second Carbon double bonds with Oxygen
3) Nitrogen bonds with Hydrogen
4) amino acid end (N-terminus)
5) carboxyl end (C-terminus)

Front 8

Describe Primary Structure.

Back 8

1) which amino acids in what order
2) covalent bonding between amino acids
3) order is determined by order of nucleotides
4) genes specify
5) proteins fold in a precise way

Front 9

Describe Secondary Structure.

Back 9

Localized folding
1) coils (alpha helices)
2) sheets (pleated beta sheets)
results from Hydrogen bonding between backbone O & H atoms
folds depend on the protein

Front 10

Describe Tertiary Structure.

Back 10

Overall 3D structure formed by polypeptide
1) involves R groups
2) held together by 4 weak interactions
Cystine forms disulfide bridges with sulfhydryl
Affected by enviornment

Front 11

Describe Quaternary Structure.

Back 11

Held together by the 4 weak interactions.
Not all proteins have it (but all have at least up to tertiary)

Front 12

Nucleic Acid

Back 12

Stores, transmits, and helps express hereditary information

Front 13

Describe a nucleotide.

Back 13

1) nitrogenous base ( 1 ring: pyrimidines, 2 rings: purines) (connects to pentose with a Nitrogen)
2) five carbone (pentose) sugar
3) a phosphate group (connects to carbon 5 of pentose)

Front 14

Describe a nucleoside.

Back 14

A nucleotide minus the phosphate group.

Front 15

Purines

Back 15

1) Adenine (binds with Uracil in RNA and Thymine in DNA)
2) Guanine (binds with Cytosine)

Front 16

Pyrimidines

Back 16

1) Cytosine (binds with Guanine)
2) Thymine (binds with Adenine in DNA)
3) Uracil (binds with Adenine in RNA)

Front 17

RNA

Back 17

1) uses Ribose as sugar
2) Guanine, Cytosine, Adenine, & Uracil
3) one chain

Front 18

DNA

Back 18

1) uses deoxyribose as sugar
2) Guanine, Cytosine, Adenine & Thymine
3) two chains, double helix (held by Hydrogen bonds)

Front 19

Gene

Back 19

A unit of inheritance consisting of a region of DNA