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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Summarize the different roles proteins play in organisms.
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Energy, storage, structure, movement, transport, defense, enzymes
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Are the terms protein and polypeptide synonymous?
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Amino acids make up polypeptides which make up proteins.
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What is the basic structure of an amino acid?
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1) amino group (basic+)
2) carboxyl group (acidic-) 3) central alpha Carbon 4) Hydrogen atom 5) variable R goup (20 possibilities) |
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How are amino acids joined?
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Peptide bond covalently joins the carboxyl group of one amino acid with the amino group of the next
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How are amino acids grouped?
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R group possibilities
1) polar (uncharged) 2) charged (2 acidic & 3 basic) 3) nonpolar |
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How are polypeptiedes made?
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Dehydration
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Describe a polypeptide.
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1) N-C-C backbone
2) second Carbon double bonds with Oxygen 3) Nitrogen bonds with Hydrogen 4) amino acid end (N-terminus) 5) carboxyl end (C-terminus) |
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Describe Primary Structure.
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1) which amino acids in what order
2) covalent bonding between amino acids 3) order is determined by order of nucleotides 4) genes specify 5) proteins fold in a precise way |
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Describe Secondary Structure.
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Localized folding
1) coils (alpha helices) 2) sheets (pleated beta sheets) results from Hydrogen bonding between backbone O & H atoms folds depend on the protein |
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Describe Tertiary Structure.
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Overall 3D structure formed by polypeptide
1) involves R groups 2) held together by 4 weak interactions Cystine forms disulfide bridges with sulfhydryl Affected by enviornment |
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Describe Quaternary Structure.
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Held together by the 4 weak interactions.
Not all proteins have it (but all have at least up to tertiary) |
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Nucleic Acid
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Stores, transmits, and helps express hereditary information
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Describe a nucleotide.
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1) nitrogenous base ( 1 ring: pyrimidines, 2 rings: purines) (connects to pentose with a Nitrogen)
2) five carbone (pentose) sugar 3) a phosphate group (connects to carbon 5 of pentose) |
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Describe a nucleoside.
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A nucleotide minus the phosphate group.
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Purines
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1) Adenine (binds with Uracil in RNA and Thymine in DNA)
2) Guanine (binds with Cytosine) |
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Pyrimidines
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1) Cytosine (binds with Guanine)
2) Thymine (binds with Adenine in DNA) 3) Uracil (binds with Adenine in RNA) |
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RNA
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1) uses Ribose as sugar
2) Guanine, Cytosine, Adenine, & Uracil 3) one chain |
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DNA
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1) uses deoxyribose as sugar
2) Guanine, Cytosine, Adenine & Thymine 3) two chains, double helix (held by Hydrogen bonds) |
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Gene
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A unit of inheritance consisting of a region of DNA
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