Bsc 145 Final Exam

Front 1

Polymer or monomer?

Polysaccharide lipid (fat) protein, nucleic acid

Back 1

POLYMER

Front 2

Polymer or momomer?

Monosaccharide glycerol and fatty acid, amino acid, nucleotide

Back 2

MONOMER

Front 3

Metabolism is broken down into what two parts?

Back 3

CATABOLISM AND ANABOLISM

Front 4

In metabolism, this is the degradative pathways, usually energy-yielding.

Back 4

CATABOLISM

Front 5

In metabolism, this is the biosynthetic pathways, it usually requires energy.

Back 5

ANABOLISM

Front 6

Genetic basis of appetite

What is the "appetite" hormone, a genetic mutation which causes the brain to feel full.

Back 6

LEPTIN

Front 7

Hormonal regulation of hunger

This is the peptide hormone which is produced in the stomach lining and signals hunger.

Back 7

GHRELIN

Front 8

Physiological regulation of hunger

This is the peptide hormone which is produced by fat tissues and signals that you are full

Back 8

LEPTIN

Front 9

What cells make leptin?

Back 9

ADIPOSE (FAT)

ACTS ON THE PART OF THE BRAIN THAT DEALS WITH APPETITE, STOP EATING WHEN FULL

PROBABLY NOT FUNCTIONING IN THE OBESE

Front 10

This is produced by the brain and stomach cells, which sparks the feeling of hunger

Back 10

GHRELIN

SPRAKS FEELING OF HUNGER WHEN A PERSON'S STOMACH IS EMPTY, LEVEL FALLS AFTER MEAL

Front 11

What is the hunger center of the brain?

Back 11

HYPOTHALAMUS

Front 12

Appetite control

What is needed to switch off the mechanism in the brain that tells you to stop eating?

Back 12

LEPTIN

Front 13

Appetite control

This sends a signal that you are hungry.

Back 13

GHRELIN

Front 14

What is a normal BMI?

Back 14

20-25

Front 15

What is an overweight BMI?

Back 15

25-30

Front 16

What is an obese BMI?

Back 16

OVER 30

Front 17

These genes enable individuals to efficiently collect and process food to deposit fat during periods of food abundance.

Back 17

THRIFTY GENES HYPOTHESIS

Front 18

What type of surgery restricts consumption, but does not cause malnutrition?

Back 18

LAP BAND

Front 19

What are some complications associated with gastric bypass surgery?

Back 19

PULMONARY EMBOLISM

FORM A DEEP VENOUS THROMBOSIS

Front 20

Where does carbohydrate digestion begin?

Back 20

SALIVARY GLANDS

MOISTEN FOOD AND SUPPLT ENZYMES

Front 21

What are the two types of carbohydrates?

Back 21

SIMPLE- GLUCOSE (POP, CANDY)

COMPLEX- PASTA, BREAD, RICE

Front 22

Polysaccharide (carbohydrate)

What kind of carb is plants?

Back 22

STARCH

Front 23

Polysaccharide (carbohydrate)

What kind of carb is animals?

Back 23

GLYCOGEN

Front 24

Polysaccharide (carbohydrate)

What kind of carb is cellulose?

Back 24

PLANT CELL WALLS

Front 25

Condensation is also a form of ----

Back 25

DEHYDRATION

Front 26

Hyrdolosis is also a form of -----

Back 26

HYDRATION

Front 27

Where does carbohydrate digestion begin?

Back 27

SALIVARY GLANDS

MOISTENS FOOD AND SUPPLIES ENZYMES

Front 28

This is another name for two linked sugar units.

Back 28

DISACCHARIDES

Front 29

This sugar is glucose + fructose.

Back 29

SUCROSE

TABLE SUGAR

Front 30

This sugar is glucose + galactose.

Back 30

MILK SUGAR

FOUND IN MILK AND DAIRY PRODUCTS

Front 31

This sugar is glucose + glucose.

Back 31

MALTOSE

FOUND IN CEREAL GRAINS

PRODUCT OF STARCH BREAKDOWN

Front 32

This is is a single sugar unit.

Back 32

MONOSACCHARIDE

Front 33

This sugar is found in fruits, vegetables and honey. It's also a "blood sugar"

Back 33

GLUCOSE

USED FOR ENERGY

Front 34

This sugar is called a fruit sugar, found in fruits, honey and corn syrup

Back 34

FRUCTOSE

Front 35

This sugar is found as part of lactose in milk.

Back 35

GALACTOSE

Front 36

This type of fiber is found in fruits, oats, barley and delays glucose absorption and lowers blood cholesterol.

Back 36

SOLUBLE

Front 37

This type of fiber is found in wheat bran, whole grain breads and vegetables and it increases fecal weight, slows starch hydrolosis and delays glucose absorption.

Back 37

INSOLUBLE

Front 38

This is an outpoching of mucus through a week point in muscle layer of bowel wall that:

gets impacted with feces

Back 38

DIVERTICULOSIS

Front 39

This is an outpoching of mucus through a week point in muscle layer of bowel wall that:

gets inflammed

Back 39

DIVERTICULITIS

Front 40

This is a structure of the cell membrane used for energy storage and isulation.

Back 40

LIPIDS

Front 41

This process is used to extend the life of fats and oils in food and products. Healthful polyunsaturated fatty acids are removed.

Back 41

HYDROGENATION

Front 42

Fats can also be synthesized in the diet from --- and ----

Back 42

CARBOHYDRATES AND PROTEIN

Front 43

Where is bile produced?

Back 43

SMALL INTESTINE

Front 44

This type of protein is complete and containe essential amino acids

Back 44

ANIMAL (MEATS AND DAIRY)

Front 45

This type of protein is incomplete and needs a combination in order to meet requirements

Back 45

VEGETABLE (BEANS, NUTS)

Front 46

What are the two types of amino acids?

Back 46

NONESSENTIAL: CAN BE MADE BY BODY

ESSENTIAL: MUST BE FOUND IN THE DIET

Front 47

This type of bond is any band joining two amino acids.

Back 47

PEPTIDE BAND

Front 48

How much protein must men and women between the ages of 19-49 take in?

Back 48

MEN: 55.5 G
WOMEN: 45.0 G

Front 49

This body type is generally referred to as round or pear shaped, fatty upper arms, thin wrists, wide hips, narrow shoulders and fatty thighs.

Back 49

EXTREME EN D OMORPH

Front 50

This body type is muscular, broad shoulders, strong forearms and thigs, narrow hips, often referred to as an inverted triangle shape.

Back 50

EXTREME MESO M ORPH

Front 51

This body types is oftern referred to as skinny, narrow face and high forehead, narrow shoulders, thin/narrow chest and abs, slim hips and long limbs.

Back 51

EXTREME EC T OMORPH

Front 52

This is a thick mixture of food and gastric fluid, high acidity kills many pathogens, mixed and moved by waves of stomach contractions.

Back 52

CHYME

Front 53

The stomach secretes this type of acid, also called HCI.

Back 53

HYDROCHLORIC ACID

Front 54

This produced secretions from the liver.

Back 54

DUODENUM

Front 55

What elmucifies fat and causes fat droplets to disperse as water?

Back 55

BILE

Front 56

A villus contains a what- lymphatic capilarry that absorbs dietary fat.

Back 56

LACTEAL

Front 57

Rapid weight loss regain is associated with what type of diet?

Back 57

VERY LOW CALORIE DIET

Front 58

All adults should aim for how many minutes of moderate exercise how many times a week for general health?

Back 58

30 MINUTES, 5 DAYS A WEEK

Front 59

Surgery for the obese reduces what, which is a hormone made in the stomach.

Back 59

GHRELIN, SIGNALS HUNGER

Front 60

The digestion of fat occurs mainly in the what?

Back 60

SMALL INTESTINE

Front 61

Acid that is released by the stomach is called what

Back 61

HYDROCHLORIC ACID

Front 62

Ftas are digested by what enzyme?

Back 62

LIPASE

Front 63

Lipids can serve in what?

Back 63

EZNYMES

Front 64

The digestion of proteins begins where?

Back 64

STOMACH

Front 65

Monosaccharides, glycerol/fatty acids and amino acids are all types of what?

Back 65

MONOMERS

Front 66

Large molecules, like carbohydrates, fats and protein are all types of what?

Back 66

POLYMERS

Front 67

In metabolism, what part requires energy?

Back 67

ANABOLISM

Front 68

In metabolism, what part yields energy?

Back 68

CATABOLISM

Front 69

What breaks down nutrietns and provides the active site or reactant?

Back 69

ENZYME

Front 70

What is the name of the hormone made by fat that reports to the brain and knows how much fat we have?

Back 70

LEPTIN

Front 71

This gene tells the brain when we're full

Back 71

MC4R

OBESE PEOPLE MAY HAVE DEFECTIVE GENE

Front 72

This hormone signals hunger.

Back 72

GHRELIN

PRODUCED IN THE STOMACH LINING

Front 73

This hormone signals that we are full.

Back 73

LEPTIN

PRODUCED BY FAT TISSUE

Front 74

The process of breaking down polymers produces what?

Back 74

MONOMERS

Front 75

This hormone allows us to get through the day without food.

Back 75

GLUCAGON

Front 76

This process builds up proteins and requires energy.

Back 76

ANABOLISM (CONDESNATION, DEHYDRATION)

Front 77

This process yields energy.

Back 77

CATABOLISM (HYDROLOSIS, HYDRATION)

Front 78

How much calcium should women get on a daily basis to avoid osteoporosis?

Back 78

800-1000 MG/DAY

Front 79

Where is the first side of carb digestion?

Back 79

SALIVARY GLANDS

Front 80

What is the product of proteins (protase)?

Back 80

AMINO ACIDS

Front 81

What is fat + bile?

Back 81

ALMUCIFIED FAT (LIPIDS)

Front 82

What are lipids (lipase) composed of?

Back 82

FATTY ACIDS AND GLYCEROL

Front 83

What wre polysaccharides and amylase (maltese)?

Back 83

MATOSE

Front 84

The large intestine is used for what?

Back 84

DIGESTION

NUTRIENT DIGESTION ALREADY COMPLETE SOME DIGESTION BY BACTERIA

Front 85

What are some accessory organs of the digestive tract?

Back 85

SALIVARY GLANDS
LIVER
PANCREAS
GALL BLADDER

Front 86

What produces and stores bile?

Back 86

LIVER AND GALL BLADDER

Front 87

What taps into stored glucose?

Back 87

GLUCAGON

Front 88

What is stored glucose called?

Back 88

GLYCOGEN (STORED SUGAR_

Front 89

Which vitamins are also antioxidants?

Back 89

A, C, E AND BETA CAROTENE

Front 90

What is a free radical?

Back 90

WHAT TO BALANCE THE OUTER SHELL, STEAL FROM OTHER MOLECULES

DAMAGE DNA

UNSTABLE, REACTIVE COMPOUNDS OF CELL METABOLIS, DAMAGE CELL PROTEINS AND NUCLEIC ACID

Front 91

How many pounds of minerals does our body contain?

Back 91

4.4

Front 92

What are polysaccharides, lipids and proteins examples of?

Back 92

POLYMERS

Front 93

What hormonal regulator of hunger signals the brain that you are full?

Back 93

LEPTIN

Front 94

What hormonal regulator of hunger signals the brain that you are hungry?

Back 94

GHRELIN

Front 95

Define the thrifty gene hypothesis.

Back 95

INDIVIDULAS COLLECT AND PROCESS FOOD TO DEPOST FAT DURING PERIODS OF FOOD ABUNDANCE, ALTHOUGH AMERICANS ALWAYS HAVE A SCARCITY NEVER OCCURS

Front 96

What is the total number of calories a male should consume daily?

Back 96

2450

Front 97

What makes the hormone leptin?

Back 97

ADIPOSE

Front 98

What is the first site of carbohydrate digestion?

Back 98

SALIVARY GLANDS (MOUTH)

Front 99

What enzyme helps break down carbohydrates?

Back 99

SALIVARY AMYLASE

Front 100

What is the first site of proetien digestion?

Back 100

STOMACH

Front 101

Which enzyme helps break down protein?

Back 101

PEPSIN

Front 102

What is the first site of fat digestion?

Back 102

SMALL INTESTINE

Front 103

Which enzyme helps break down fats?

Back 103

LIPASE

Front 104

What are the two products of fat digestion?

Back 104

FATTY ACIDS AND GLYCEROL

Front 105

The different types of vitams are ---- and ----- soluble.

Back 105

WATER AND FAT SOLUBLE

Front 106

B and C vitamins are examples of what?

Back 106

WATER SOLUBLE

Front 107

A,D,E AND K vitamins are examples of what?

Back 107

FAT SOLUBL

Front 108

An individual can receive fat soluble vitamins from what kinds of food?

Back 108

MEAT, DAIRY EGG YOLKS

Front 109

If an inidividual takes in too much of a water soluble vitamins, the surplus can be eliminated through -----

Back 109

URINE

Front 110

Unstable, highly reactive byproducts of cell respiration that can damage call proteins and nucleic acids are called --- ---

Back 110

FREE RADICALS

Front 111

An example of a MacroMineral, more than 100 mg/day needed is:

Back 111

SODIUM

Front 112

An exmample of a MicroMineral, less than 20 mg/day, is

Back 112

IODINE

Front 113

--- makes up 60-70% of a person's body weight

Back 113

WATER

Front 114

Over 95% of all ulcers are due to --- ---- bacteria

Back 114

HELIOVBACTER PYLORI

Front 115

Hepatitis A attacks which organ of the body?

Back 115

LIVER

CAUSES IT TO SWEEL AND KEEPS IT FROM FUNCTIONING PROPERLY

Front 116

Which of the following can be caught by eating raw or undercooked poultry or meat?

Back 116

CAMPYLOBACTERIA

ECHERICHIA COLI

Front 117

---- is the most common food poisoining.

Back 117

STAPHYLOCAL

Front 118

--- cases the most food related deaths

Back 118

SALMONELLA

Front 119

Over half of all child death is due to dehydration caused by ----

Back 119

DIRREHEA

Front 120

--- --- is caused by ingesting unfamiliar bacteria.

Back 120

TRAVELER'S DIRREHEA

Front 121

Which metabolism process requires energy? Which process yields energy?

Back 121

PROCESS- ANABOLISM

YIELD- CATOBOLISM

Front 122

What is one complication of gastric bypass surgery?

Back 122

PULMONARY EMBOLISM

Front 123

Disaccharides are what?

Back 123

TWO LINKED SUGAR UNITS

Front 124

Sucrose is a combination of what two sugar units?

Back 124

GLUCOSE AND FRUCTOSE

Front 125

Lactose is a combination of what two sugar units?

Back 125

GLUCOSE AND GALACTOSE

Front 126

Maltose is a combination of what two sugar units?

Back 126

GLUCOSE AND GLUCOSE

Front 127

What are te three types of monosaccharides?

Back 127

GLUCOSE
FRUCTOSE
GALACTOSE

Front 128

The monomers of fat are --- and ---.

Back 128

GLYCEROL AND FATTY ACIDS

Front 129

--- fat is liquid at room temp and is from veggie sources

Back 129

UNSATURATED

Front 130

--- fat is solid at room temp and is from animal sources

Back 130

SATURATED

Front 131

What is required fatty acid that you must get from your diet and that has a cholesterol lowering effect?

Back 131

LIHOLIC ACID

Front 132

Lipoprotein = ---- + ----

Back 132

PROTEIN AND LIPID

Front 133

Where is bile produced and what does it do?

Back 133

LIVER, INCREASES SURFACE AREA SO THAT FAT CAN BE ACTED ON BY LIPASE

Front 134

What are the three different body types?

Back 134

ENDOMORPH
MESOMORPH
ECTOMORPH

Front 135

What is chyme

Back 135

MIXTURE OF FOOS AND GASTRIC FLUID

Front 136

What is the acidity of stomach acid?

Back 136

2.0

Front 137

What is the first site of protein digestion?

Back 137

STOMACH

Front 138

What is the role of the esophegal or cardiac sphincter?

Back 138

REGULATE THE PASSAGE OF FOOD INTO THE STOMACH

Front 139

What is the role of the pyloric sphincter?

Back 139

REGULATE THE PASSAGE OF CHYME INTO THE SMALL INTESTINE

Front 140

The --- ---- is the main site of chemical digestion and absorption

Back 140

SMALL INTESTINE

Front 141

The pancreas producdes --- which neutralizes chyme/acid and ---- including lipase and amylase.

Back 141

SODIUM BICARBONATES

ENZYMES

Front 142

The main function of the large inetestine is:

Back 142

ABSORPTION OF WATER

Front 143

Villus contain a ---- which is a lumphatic capillary that absorbs dietary fat.

Back 143

LACTEAL

Front 144

The liver ---- bile and the gall bladder --- bile

Back 144

PRODUCES

STORES

Front 145

The --- ---- is the main site of chemical digestion and absorption

Back 145

SMALL INTESTINE

Front 146

The pancreas producdes --- which neutralizes chyme/acid and ---- including lipase and amylase.

Back 146

SODIUM BICARBONATES

ENZYMES

Front 147

The main function of the large inetestine is:

Back 147

ABSORPTION OF WATER

Front 148

Villus contain a ---- which is a lumphatic capillary that absorbs dietary fat.

Back 148

LACTEAL

Front 149

The liver ---- bile and the gall bladder --- bile

Back 149

PRODUCES

STORES