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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Red nucleus
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What area is tagged?
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Name the tract(s) within the green tags. For larger boxes, there are more than one tract.
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See the drawing for the labeled tracts.
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Andy teaches Vern poorly regularly
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Draw a basic/generalized circuit within the cerebellum.
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See the drawing.
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Draw out the circuit for the vestibulocerebellum.
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See the image.
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Draw out the cerebrocerebellum circuit.
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See the drawing.
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Draw out the Spinocerebellum circuit which has an influence on axial mm and limb extensions. (postural/antigravity mm)
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See the drawing.
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Draw out the Spinocerebellum circuit - Influence on flexors/distal limb mm
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See the drawing.
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What are the four spinocerebellar tracts?
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Rostral spinocerebellar
Cuneo-cerebellar Ventral & Dorsal Spinocerebellar |
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What is the source of information carried by each of the four spinocerebellar tracts?
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Proprioceptive receptors - same as used for DCML.
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Where does the ventral and dorsal spinocerebellar tract decussate?
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The ventral spinocerebellar tract decussates at the cord level and again in the pons area. The dorsal spinocerebellar tract does not decussate.
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For the two spinocerebellum tracts (ventral and dorsal), what does each influence in the body?
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1) Ventral - Flexors/distal limb mm
2) Dorsal - Axial mm and limb extensions (postural/antigravity mm) |
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What peduncle(s) is used for the dorsal spinocerebellum tract (DSCT)?
What peduncle(s) is used for the ventral spinocerebellum tract (VSCT)? |
Dorsal - Inferior cerebellar peduncle
Ventral - Superior cerebellar peduncle. |
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What are the major inputs of the dorsal spinocerebellar tract?
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Mechanoreceptors in muscles, joints, skin.
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What are the major inputs of the ventral spinocerebellar tract?
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Mechanoreceptors, movement-related interneurons.
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What are the major inputs of the cuneocerebellar tract?
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Mechanoreceptors in muscles, joints, skin.
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What is the origin of the dorsal spinocerebellar tract?
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Clarke's nucleus (T1-L2/3).
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What is the origin of the ventral spinocerebellar tract?
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Spinal boarder cells (T12-L5)
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What are the two most common characteristics observed for cerebellar disease?
Give a definition for each. |
Hypotonia: diminished muscle tone.
Ataxia: inability to coordinate movements and maintain posture. Can intefere with walking, talking eating, etc. |
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What is dysmetria?
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The inability to place an extremity at a precise point in space.
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What is intention tremor?
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A tremor that arises when VOLUNTARY movements are ATTEMPTED.
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What is dysdiadochokineses?
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Difficulty in making rapidly alternative or successive movements, e.g. clamp hand to other palm to palm then back to palm, etc.
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What is rebound phenomenon?
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A loss of the normal checks of agonist and antagonist muscles.
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What is truncal sway?
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Sway from side to side when standing.
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What is Nystagmus?
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Involuntary, rapid movement of the eyes in either the horizontal direction or occasionally in the vertical direction.
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What is delayed initiation of movement?
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As it says. There is delay before movement begins.
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What are pendular reflexes?
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When doing a reflex test, may see a swinging of a limb, e.g. leg, rather than one quick jerk.
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What is past pointing?
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Individual reaches target and continues movement after reaching it, e.g. finger to nose pointing but keeps moving finger around nose after reaching it.
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What is dysarthia?
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Scanning or explosive speech pattern. Person is unable to coordinate air movements with muscles of speech.
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Define the characteristics of vestibulocerebellar syndrome. What is a critical test of absence?
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Ataxia, wide-based stance, nystagmus. The patient does not show ataxia symptoms when lying down.
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What is the primary function of the vestibulocerebellum?
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Coordinates proximal mm., maintains body posture/balance, coordinates eye movements
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What is the primary function of the spinocerebellum?
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Bring proprioceptive information to cerebellum.
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What is the primary function of the cerebrocerebellum?
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Timing, planning of complicated movements.
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Define the characteristics of Cerebrocerebellar Syndrome.
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Ataxia
•Delay in initiation & termination of movements •Decomposition of complicated movements •Dysdiadochokinesia |
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Define the characteristics of Spinocerebellar (Anterior Lobe) Syndrome
1) What degenerates? 2) What limb is involved? 3) Signs What is a cause? |
•Degeneration of anterior lobe
• pelvic limb involvement •Broad-based stance •Shuffling, staggering gait •Ataxia not relieved by recumbency (not a problem w/gravity) •Chronic Alcoholism |
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What are the functional divisions of the Cerebellum
Spinocerebellum? |
•“Essential for performance of smooth, accurate, & coordinated motor tasks.” •Modulation of Ongoing Motor Activity:
Rate, Range, and Force of Voluntary Movements |
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What is an analogy for the function of the Cerebellum Spinocerebellum?
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It acts like a comparator. Plan versus actual movement.
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What are the primary afferents or efferents of the superior, middle and inferior peduncles?
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Superior - cerebellar output and a little input.
Middle - input - Pontocerebellar Fibers Inferior - input - Spinocerebellar Tracts, vestibular and olives. Slight output to vestibular. |
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Fill in the names in the green boxes.
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See picture.
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Molecular layer.
Purkinje cell layer. Granule cell layer. Synaptic internrons between cerebellar interneurons and Purkinje cells. The molecular layer is next to the pial layer of the cerebellum cortex. |
Name the three areas shown in the picture from top to bottom.
What is contained in the top layer? Where is the top layer located in relationship to the cerebellum? |
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Sketch the DSCT tract including an afferent that enters at L2/3 and one that enters at L4.
Sketch the VSCT tract. What is the name of the nucleus circled in the DSCT spinal cord? |
See the picture for the tracts.
Clarke's nucleus. |
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What are the first degree functions of the cerebellum?
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1. Control of rate, range, & force of ongoing motor movements ("coordintation")
2. Maintenance of stable posture 3. Planning & timing of complex movements. |
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In a simple explanation, how does the cerebellum accomplish its first degree functions?
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By adjusting the output of UMN pathways.
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What two things does the cerebellum not do?
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Issue motor commands or act in awareness of stimuli.
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What two things are not charactistics of cerebellar disease?
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1. Is not characterized by paresis or paralysis.
2. Is not characterized by a loss of sensory function. |
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Arbor Vitae
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What is the name of the structure shown in light blue?
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What are the three functional divisions of the cerebellum?
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Vestibulocerebellum
Cerebrocerebellum Spinocerebellum |
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What are the functions of the spinocerebellum?
CHECKOUT QUESTION VS ANSWER |
1) "Essential for performance of smooth, accurate, & coordinated motor tasks."
2) Modulation of Ongoing Motor Activity: Rate, Range, and Force of Voluntary Movements |
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What are the four spinocerebellar tracts from the cord?
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1) Rostral (cranial) spinocerebellar & cuneocerebellar tracts from upper limb.
2) Ventral & Dorsal Spinocerebellar tracts from lower limb |
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What are the vestibulocerebellar syndromes?
Why do these signs appear, i.e. what control has been lost? When are the signs not observed? |
Ataxia
Wide-based stance Nystagmus ("jerk", especially w/lateral gaze) Signs result from inability to use vestibular information to coordinate movements. No deficits are seen when patient is recumbent. |
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What are the cerebrocerebellar syndromes?
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Ataxia
Delay in initiation & termination of movements. Decomposition of complicated movements Dysdiadochokinesia |
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