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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the scientific name of lupine? What are the major toxins?
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Lupinus spp.;
lupinine alkaloid (a type of Quinolizodine alkaloid), maybe mycotoxin Also anagyrine (a teratogen) |
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What is the mechanism of quinolizodine toxicity? Which plant(s) contains this toxin?
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Stimulates nicotinic receptors (neuromuscular and autonomic):
Lupine (lupinus spp) contains this |
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How can lupine toxicity be treated? What is the specific toxin that is treated?
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No treatment.
Major toxin is quinolizodine. |
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The scientific name for locoweed is...
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...Astragalus spp.; Oxytropis spp.
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What are the major toxins contained in locoweed?
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Swainsonine and Miserotoxin;
Also high Se concentrations |
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What is the mechanism of action for Swainsonine? What plant contains this toxin?
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Swainsonine inhibits alpha mannosidase, causing neuronal swelling and dysfunction; found in locoweed
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What is the mechanism of action for Miserotoxin? What plant contains this toxin?
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Miserotoxin causes nitrate release in ruminants and demyelination via an unknown principle; found in locoweed.
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T or F:
Horses never fully recover from locoweed toxicity. |
True. Unsafe to ride.
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What is the scientific name for larkspur? What is its major toxin?
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Delphinium spp.;
Polycyclic diterpene alkaloids |
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What is the mechanism of action for polycyclic diterpene alkaloids? What plant contains this toxin?
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Competitive inhibition of Ach at cholinergic and nicotinic receptors; found in Larkspur (delphinium).
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T or F:
Larkspur toxicosis affects horses more than ruminants. |
False!
It affects cattle the most. |
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What treatment may help in larkspur toxicity?
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Physostigmine;
Also activated charcoal and cathartics |
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What is the scientific name for bracken fern? How can poisoned horses be treated?
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Pteridium aquilinum;
Treat by giving thiamine |
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What is the mechanism of action for thiaminase? What plant contains this toxin?
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Thiaminase breaks down thiamin (vitamin B); found in bracken fern
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What toxin from Pteridium aquilinum affects horses? Cows?
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Bracken fern thiaminase affects horses; Ptaquiloside affects cows (bone marrow depressant)
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"Blind Staggers" is associated with toxicity from which plant?
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Bracken fern
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What is the mechanism of action for pyrrolizidine alkaloid? What plant(s) contains this toxin?
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Bioactivation of toxin causes DNA damage via alkylation; found in fiddleneck and groundsel (Senecio spp)
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How can pyrrolizodine toxicosis be treated? What is the prognosis?
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Treatment --> supportive care;
If clinical signs are apparent, prognosis is grave. |
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What is the mechanism of action for coniine? What plant(s) contains this toxin?
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Coniine stimulates and paralyzes nicotinic receptors (works like curare); found in poison hemlock (Conium maculatum)
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What are the toxins found in the two hemlocks?
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Coniine (poison hemlock);
Cicutoxin (water hemlock) |
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What is the mechanism of action for cicutoxin? What plant(s) contains this toxin?
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Cicutoxin is a GABA antagonist;
from water hemlock (Cicuta spp) |
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What treatment and prognosis do the hemlocks have in common?
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Only supportive care available; grave prognosis for both.
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