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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the three ports of entry of microbes to the respiratory system? which is most common?
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Aerogenous (most common)
hematogenous direct extension |
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What are some defense mechanisms of the respiratory system?
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coughing/sneezing
mucociliary transport phagocytosis anatomy (shape of sinuses & etc) Mucosal immunity (IgA) |
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T or F:
Pulmonary Alveolar Macrophages have a long lifespan. |
False! Short lifespan
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What are some bacteria that are resistant to intracellular killings?
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Listeria monocytogenes Brucella abortus Salmonella spp. |
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What are some major causes of impairment of respiratory defenses?
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Viral infxn
Toxic gases Immunodeficiency Others (uremia, dehydration, endotoxemia, starvation, & etc) |
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T or F:
Congenital anomalies of the nasal cavity are rare in domestic animals. |
True!
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What are some fatal congenital anomalies of the nasal cavity?
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choanal atresia
chondrodysplasia osteopetrosis |
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What are some non-fatal congenital anomalies of the nasal cavity?
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palatoschisis
cystic nasal conchae deviated nasal septum cleft upper lip hypoplastic turbinates |
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What are fxns of Clara cells in lung defense?
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Detoxify
protective secretions against inflammation and oxidative stress |
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what are 3 causes of impaired defense mechanisms in the respiratory system?
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Viral infxn
immunodeficiency disorders toxic gas inhalation |
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T or F:
Olfactory epithelial cells are incapable of regeneration. |
True
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In which portion of the respiratory system will fibrosis have the greatest impact?
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Respiratory portion (alveoli)
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Aspiration pneumonia is associated with which common congenital anomaly?
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palatoschissis (cleft palate)
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Which 2 species most often develop chronic allergic bronchial disease?
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Horses and cats
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irreversible dilation of the airways is....
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...bronchiectasis
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What is a common cause of maxillary sinusitis?
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tooth root abscesses
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What pathogen commonly causes chronic sinusitis in cats?
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Cryptococcus
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What species is most prone to pharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia?
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horses
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What happens to dogs infected by Bordetella bronchiseptica? Cats?
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Dogs - kennel cough
cats - death! |
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An animal with a mass lesion in the nasal cavity would have...
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...facial deformity
sneezing noisy breathing among other stuff.. |
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What is a common mass associated with the caudal nasal cavity of sheep, goats, and cattle?
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Neoplasia due to transmissible oncongenic retrovirus
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What are 2 types of non-neoplastic lesions in the nasal cavity that can resemble neoplasia? What animals commonly get these?
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nasal cysts (horses)
polyps (cats and horses) |
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decreased inflation of lung tissue is known as...
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....atelectasis
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What are some causes of atelectasis?
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congenital (issue w/surfactant)
acquired (compressive or obstructive) |
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increased inflation of lung tissue is...
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...emphysema
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Which animal is prone to emphysema?
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cattle!
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T or F:
Emphysema is always secondary in animals. |
True (can be primary in humans)
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What are the most common types of pulmonary emboli in animals?
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thromboemboloism
septic emboli fat emboli tumor cell emboli parastic emboli |
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From whence do fat-based pulmonary emboli typically arise?
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fractures (fairly insignificant in animals)
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Why is it hard to cause pulmonary infarction due to emboli? Which other organs are similar?
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lots of collateral circulation
liver and GI system are similar (just not cecum) |
