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80 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the most common signalment for an animal testing positive for FIV?
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male outdoor cat >6yo
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What viral group does FIV fall under? FeLV?
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Both are retroviruses
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Which of the following clinical syndromes are associated with FIV?
a) regenerative anemia b) non-regenerative anemia c) thrombocytopenia d) neutropenia e) neoplasia f) myeloproliferative disease |
b) non-regenerative anemia
c) thrombocytopenia d) neutropenia f) myeloproliferative disease |
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Are recurrent infections (eg: UTIs and pneumonia) associated with FIV, FeLV, or both?
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Both FIV and FeLV
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What is the best assessment for a sick, indoor/outdoor 4 yo male cat that has a positive ELISA test for FIV?
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FIV positive kitty
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What is the best assessment for an indoor, 1yo neutered male cat that has tested positive by ELISA for FIV?
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Test again! Use RT-PCR to verify
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Which is probably the best method used to prevent FIV?
a) neuter males b) declaw outdoor cats c) keep cats indoors d) vaccinate for FIV e) don't let kittens nurse |
c) keep cats indoors! The rest are feasable methods (except for the declaw thing) depending on the situation though
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What is important to remember when administering routine vaccinations to patients managing a FIV or FeLV infection?
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Use INACTIVATED FPV vaccine
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Cutaneous abscesses and oral inflammation are associated with
a) FIV b) FeLV c) both a and b d) none of the above |
c) both a and b
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In a cat population naive to FeLV, approximately what percentage will:
a) clear the virus fully b) die from FeLV within 2-3 yrs c) incorporate virus into their genome |
a) 30%
b) 30% c) 60% |
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Macrocytosis is associated with which of the following?
a) FIV b) FeLV c) both a and b d) none of the above |
b) FeLV (also with hyperthyroidism)
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What types of neoplasms are associated with FIV? With FeLV?
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FIV - NONE
FeLV - lymphoma and leukemia |
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Which testing method detects the early stages of FeLV? Which can detect contagious cats?
a) ELISA b) IFA c) PCR |
a) ELISA for early FeLV
IFA (and probably PCR) for contagious cats |
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Why would doxycycline be used in a treatment regimen for FeLV?
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Treats the secondary haemoplasmosis
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What type of virus causes FIP? How does the FIP virus differ from other viruses of this type?
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FIP = coronavirus;
Infects macrophages and can infect systemically (most coronaviruses are GI only) |
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T or F:
All cats with FIP must have been previously infected with FECoV. |
True!
FECoV (feline coronavirus) mutates into the FIP virus in the host |
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T or F:
There is no specific serology test for the FIP virus. |
True!
Serology tests for coronavirus presence, not specifically FIP. |
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Cats with partial cell-mediated immunity will develop which form of FIP?
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Effusive form
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What are the 2 forms of FIP?
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Effusive (wet)
Non-effusive (dry) |
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Which of the following are associated with effusive FIP?
a) Cats w/strong immune systems b) Immune-complex vasculitis c) Initial bilateral nephromegaly d) Pyogranulomatous lesions e) Ascites and anasarca |
b) Immune-complex vasculitis
c) Initial bilateral nephromegaly e) Ascites and anasarca |
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Which of the following are associated with non-effusive FIP?
a) Multifocal CNS signs b) Pyogranulomatous lesions c) Immune-complex vasculitis d) Chorioretinits e) Splenomegaly |
a) Multifocal CNS signs
b) Pyogranulomatous lesions d) Chorioretinits e) Splenomegaly |
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Which of the following are associated with BOTH forms of FIP?
a) Splenomegaly b) Pyogranulomatous lesions c) Late stage renal atrophy d) Jaundice e) Intracavity exudates |
a) Splenomegaly
c) Late stage renal atrophy d) Jaundice |
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What is the most common laboratory abnormalities associated with FIP?
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Hyperproteinemia
Polyglonal gammopathy |
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Which of the following are congruent with effusive FIP exudates?
a) albumin:globulin ratio > 0.8 b) protein > 3.5 g/dL c) Albumin > 48% of total protein d) Globulin >50% of total protein |
b) protein > 3.5 g/dL
d) Globulin >50% of total protein |
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T or F:
A cat with negative serology for coronavirus can reliably be assumed to be negative for FIP. |
True!
The serology has a really high negative predictive value! |
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Why is a doctor's suggestion for a pregnant woman to get rid of her cats a load of crap?
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'Cause a toxo positive cat will only shed oocysts one time in their life and only shed for ~3d.
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What are laboratory abnormalities seen in the CSF of animals with a protozoal infection?
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Mild increase in protein and small mononuclear cells
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T or F:
A positive Toxoplasmosis titer correlates well with active infection. |
False.
Positive titer is only indicative of exposure (unless there is a positive IgM titer or an increasing IgG titer) |
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What antimicrobials are commonly used in treating protozoal infections?
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Clindamycin
Sulfonamide + Trimethoprim |
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What are some good preventive measures to guard against Toxoplasma zoonosis?
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Clean litter box daily
Don't eat raw meat Keep kid sand box covered |
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What is the causative agent for Canine Distemper?
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Canine Distemper Virus, a paramyxovirus (RNA virus)
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T or F:
The majority of dogs exposed to CDV will eliminate the virus. |
True! 75% elimination!
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What are common signs associated with the epithelial phase of canine distemper? What is the prognosis for this phase?
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Vomiting and Diarrhea
Rhinitis and conjunctivitis Pneumonia (secondary bacterial infxn); 50% mortality |
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What is the process by which CDV-induced encephalomyelitis occurs? What is the prognosis?
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Demyelination by immune complex deposition; 95% mortality
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T or F:
Due to the lack of specific tests for CDV, only a presumptive diagnosis can be made. |
False!
RT-PCR can identify presence of the virus |
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What is the Toxoplasma of dogs?
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Neospora caninum
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Neospora is common in what two species?
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Dogs and cows
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What are the methods of Neospora transmission?
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Ingestion of infected meat
Fecal-oral Transplacental |
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What are common gross signs of canine distemper?
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Neurologic and muscular abnormalities; flaccid or spastic paralysis, ascending paralysis, atrophy, CNS signs
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What lab abnormalities are associated with canine distemper?
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Increased CK and AST;
Increased CSF protein and mononuclear cells |
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What is the causative agent for American Hepatozoonosis? What is the vector?
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Hepatozoon americanum; Amblyomma americanum
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How is American Hepatozoonosis transmitted?
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Ingestion of the Amblyomma tick
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Where does muscular atrophy usually manifest in american hepatozoonosis?
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Masseter muscles
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What lab abnormalities can be associated with American Hepatozoonosis?
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Severe leukocytosis (and hypoglycemia due to leukocytosis)
Increased ALP (due to periosteal proliferation) |
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What two abnormalities are usually indicative of American Hepatozoonosis?
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Neutrophilia + Periosteal Proliferation
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What is the treatment for American Hepatozoonosis?
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Clindamycin/Sulfa/Trimethoprim/Pyrimethamine for 2 wks;
Decoquinate for 2 yrs!! |
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What is the vector for bartonella in cats? In dogs?
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Cats - flea
Dogs - flea and tick |
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Which of the following is a gram negative bacterium that resides in RBCs and endothelial cells?
a) Anaplasma b) Erlichia c) Neorickettsia d) Bartonella |
d) bartonella
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What are common clinical signs in feline bartonellosis?
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Mild to no signs are most common!
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What is the classic lesion of Bartonellosis in dogs and people?
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Endocarditis (esp of the aortic valve)
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How can Bartonella be eliminated from a cat?
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It can't! Treatment only decreases bacteremia.
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What is the reservoir for Bartonella vinsonii?
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Coyotes!
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What coinfections are common in a dog with bartonellosis and why?
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Erlichiosis, Lyme dz, Anaplasmosis all share the same tick vector as Bartonella
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What are some fairly unique signs of canine bartonellosis?
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Aortic valve endocarditis
Peliosis hepatis Polyarthritis & lameness IMHA |
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What organism causes Salmon Poisoning Disease?
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Neorickettsia helminthoeca
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What signs are classic for salmon poisoning?
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SEVERE GI signs
Bloody diarrhea late High fever early Thirst Occurs during salmon season in the NW |
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How is salmon poisoning disease diagnosed?
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Liver fluke eggs in feces;
Maybe intracytoplasmic neorickettsial bodies in mononuclear cells of LN aspirate |
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What bacteria causes Rocky Mtn Spotted Fever? How is it transmitted?
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Rickettsia rickettsii uses Dermacentor and Amblyomma vectors.
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T or F:
A tick must acquire Rickettsia rickettsii from an infected animal via feeding behaviors. |
False!
R. rickettsii has transovarial transmission |
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T or F:
Immunity to Rocky Mtn Spotted Fever is lifelong. |
True!
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What are hallmark signs of Rocky Mtn Spotted Fever?
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Necrotizing vasculitis
Neuro signs and thrombocytopenia Muscle/joint pain |
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How is Rocky Mtn Spotted Fever diagnosed?
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Serology; titer >1024 or 4x increase in IgG
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What two cell types does Erlichia inhabit? Anaplaasma?
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Both inhabit Leukocytes and Platelets
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T or F:
All Erlichia or Anaplasma are tick-borne. |
Tru dat!
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T or F:
Erlichia exhibits transovarian transmission while Anaplasma does not. |
False!
Neither has transovarian transmission (R. rickettsii does though) |
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What cell tropism does E. canis exhibit?
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Monocytotropic most commonly
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What are the three major intraerythrocyte protozoa? Which has no extraerythrocytic phase?
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Theileria
Cytauxzoon Babesia (no extraerythrocytic phase) |
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How are Babesia classified?
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By size - small and large babesia
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T or F:
All intraerythrocytic protozoa cause fever and anemia. |
True dat!
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What are the two babesia of interest in the US? What is the vector for each? Classify each according to size.
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B. gibsonii - unknown vector - small
B. vogeli - R. sanguineus - LARGE |
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Which intraerythrocytic protozooan is associated with dog bites?
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B. gibsonii
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Which of the following are associated with the chronic phase of B. vogeli infection?
a) anemia b) CNS disease c) Cardiopulmonary disease d) renal failure |
a) anemia
b) CNS disease c) Cardiopulmonary disease Renal disease ONLY in S. Africa (B. c. rossi) |
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T or F:
The large babesia show little to no cross reactivity. |
True!
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Characterize the large and small babesia according to their effects on cats and dogs, yo.
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Large - affect DAWGS
Small - affect cats and dogs |
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How can babesiosis be reliably diagnosed? How is it treated?
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PCR + clinical signs
Perhaps IFA + clinical signs Tx: Imidocarb (large babesia) Azithromycin/atovaquone (clears 30% of small babesia) |
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B. canis gibsonii has a high prevalence in which dog breed? What is a consequence of this high prevalence?
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Pit bulls! Usually have low normal PCVs.
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What is the major feline pyroplasm of interest in the US? What is the reservoir and vector for this?
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Cytauxzon felis
Bobcat reservoir Dermacentor variabilis vector |
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What is the signalment of an animal with Cytauxzoonosis?
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Outdoor cat with sub-par tick control in the SE US
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How is cytauxzoonosis diagnosed?
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Mostly signs with the correct signalment (outdoor cats in SE US during tick season); can look for pyroplasms in RBC or do FNA for merozooites
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T or F:
Most cats with cytauxzoonosis succumb to the disease, even with treatment. |
True! It's BAD NEWZ BEARZZZZ
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