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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What effects ADH release more, osmolality or hypotension?
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Osmolality!
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What is the normal water consumption per day in the dog? The cat?
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Dog - 60-70ml/kg/d
Cat - 20-40ml/kg/d |
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What is the normal urine production per day in the dog? The cat?
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Dog - 40-50ml/kg/d
Cat - 20ml/kg/d |
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Animals with true PU/PD should NOT be able to concentrate their urine above __________.
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1.030
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Which of the following will NOT cause secondary nephrogenic DI?
a) Hypercalcemia b) Hyperthyroidism c) Endotoxin d) Mannitol administration e) Glucocorticoids |
d) Mannitol administration (causes OSMOTIC DIURESIS)
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Which of the following WILL cause secondary nephrogenic DI?
a) Hyperadrenocorticism b) Hyperaldosteronism c) Hypoadrenocortism d) Hypoaldosteronism e) Hypothyroidism |
a) Hyperadrenocorticism
b) Hyperaldosteronism c) Hypoadrenocortism |
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What is a big, non-endocrine differential for PU/PD?
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Lower Urinary Tract Disease
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Which of the following is NOT an osmotic cause of diuresis?
a) renal failure b) mannitol c) urea d) post-obstruction e) inulin |
e) inulin
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What are causes of central DI?
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Trauma
Neoplasia Cysts Idiopathic |
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T or F:
An animal with central DI NEVER has USG >1.020. |
True!
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What is the minimum database for working up a PU/PD case in a cat?
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CBC/chem
UA + culture TT4 |
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Persistent hyposthenuria (with completed modified water deprivation) is consistent with:
a) complete central DI b) primary nephrogenic DI c) partial central DI d) primary psychogenic polydipsia |
b)primary nephrogenic DI
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What should be examined thoroughly during a physical workup of PU/PD?
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Skin (for endocrinopathy)
Lymph nodes (lymphoma) Hydration status |
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Blood pressure measurement may rule in/out which endocrinopathies?
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Hyperthyroidism
Hyperaldostronism Hyperadrenocorticism |
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What occurs in stage 1 of the modified water deprivation test? How does this occur?
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Restore medullary gradient
(give 100 ml/kg/day of water then 12 hr fast) |
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An animal continues to have USG <1.030 after stage 1 of the modified water deprivation test. What are the remaining differentials?
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CDI
NDI possibly still psychogenic |
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What occurs in stage 2 of the the modified water deprivation test. How does this occur?
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Monitor the ADH response to dehydration
(remove water and monitor weight, renal values, Na levels, USG) |
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An animal continues to have USG <1.030 after stage 2 of the modified water deprivation test. What are the remaining differentials?
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CDI
NDI |
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What occurs in stage 3 of the the modified water deprivation test. How does this occur?
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Give vasopressin and monitor USG!
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An animal continues to have USG <1.030 after stage 3 of the modified water deprivation test. What are the remaining differentials?
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NDI
(maybe partial CDI) |
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What are the treatment options for DI?
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NOTHING (free choice water)
Desmopression (not for NDI) Thiazides (for NDI) Chlorpropamide |
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If you diagnose a psychogenic (primary) polydipsia, how will you treat it?
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Slow water reduction
Behavioral enrichment (reduce boredom) |
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How can a NDI case be treated?
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Free water access
Maybe NaCl restriction Thiazides |
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How can a CDI case be treated?
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Free water access
Maybe NaCl restriction Desmopressin |
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T or F:
Growth hormone disorders will not be on our exam. |
Well, we didn't go over it but I don't wanna chance it!!!
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Growth-related properties of growth hormone are mediated by _________.
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IGF-1 (Insulin-like Growth Factor)
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Which hormones inhibit GH release?
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Somatostatin
Negative feedback (GH and IGF-1) |
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Deficiencies in GH and IGF-1 lead to...
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...pituitary dwarfism
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How hyposomatotropism be diagnosed?
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Administer alpha adrenergics to stimulate GH and measure GH
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Which of the following are signs of acquired hyposomatotropism?
a) stunted growth b) alopecia and hyperpigmentation c) retention of puppy coat d) acromegaly |
b) alopecia and hyperpigmentation
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What is the common signalment of acromegaly?
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Older male cat
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What endocrine disease commonly precedes acromegaly?
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Diabetes mellitus
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How is acromegaly diagnosed?
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measure IGF-1
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How can dogs develop acromegaly?
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Progestin administration or during diestrus (progestins can increase GH secretion)
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