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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 3 parts of the ear?
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External, Middle, and Innder
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What are the parts of the external ear?
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Pinna (auricle)
Acoustic meatus (external auditory canal) |
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What is the waxy lining of the acoustic meatus called?
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Cerumen
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What are the parts of the middle ear? Which bone houses the middle ear?
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Tympanic membrane
Tympanic cavity Auditory ossicles Located in Tympanic bulla of temporal bone |
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What are the epithelia of the tympanum and what are their embryological orgins?
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Outer epithelium - ectoderm
Middle layer - mesoderm Inner epithelium - endoderm |
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What connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx? What is the function of this structure?
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Auditory tube (internal auditory canal)
For pressure equalization |
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What are the membrane covered voids in the tympanic cavity?
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Cochlear (round) window
Vestibular (oval) window |
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T or F:
The middle ear is filled with air |
And so is your head! True!
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What are the bony ossicles?
What is each attached to? |
Malleus - attached to tympanum
Stapes - attached to vestibular window Incus - articulates malleus and stapes |
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T or F:
The Tensor tympani muscle attaches to the stapes. |
False. It attaches to the malleus. The Stapedius muscle attaches to the stapes.
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What is the smallest muscle in the body, what does it attach to and what is its function?
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Stapedius m. pulls stapes away from inner ear.
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What are the parts of the membranous labrynth? Which is not part of the vestibular apparatus?
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Saccule
Utricle Semicircular ducts Cochlear duct - not vestibular |
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What separates the membranous labrynth from the osseous labrynth? What is contained within the membranous labrynth? How do these fluids differ?
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Perilymph surrounds the labrynth - pretty much CSF
Endolymph is within the labrynth - high in K low in Na |
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What does the saccule detect? The utricle?
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Saccule - linear vertical acceleration
Utricle - linear horizontal acceleration |
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Which number depicts the external face of the tympanum? What does #10 depict?
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3 is external
10 is the malleus |
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ID these structures/regions of this cross section of a utricle.
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A - otoliths
B - Otolithic membrane C - Endolymph D - Macula E - Neuroepithelial hair cell |
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What are the sensory cells of a macula? What sensory specializations do they have? How are they innervated?
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Neuroepithelial hair cells have a cluster of stereocilia and one kinocilium.
Vestibulocochlear n. (VIII) |
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T or F:
Both stereocilia and kinocilia are modified non-motile microvilli |
False *******!
This is true for stereocilia but kinocilia are nonmotile cilia |
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Moving the stereocilia towards the kinocilium has what effect on impulse frequency?
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Increased impulse frequency.
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Moving the stereocilia away from the kinocilium has what effect on impulse frequency?
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Decreased impulse frequency
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T or F:
The maculae of the saccules and utricles are identical with one another. |
False! They are actually mirror images!
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What is the function of the semicircular ducts?
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Linear and angular acceleration.
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T or F:
Semicircular ducts use maculae as their receptors. |
False!
They use cristae ampullarae |
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What are the 3 vestibular reflexes?
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Vestibulo-ocular
Vestibulocollic Vestibulospinal |
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What is the receptor organ of the semicircular ducts? What is the region overlying the hair cells in this case?
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Cristae ampullares
Embedded in the cupula |
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Where are the kinocilia in the cristae ampullares located with respect to the utricle?
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Lined-up toward utricle.
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If the kinocilia in cristae ampullares bend towards the utricle, what does this do to impulse frequency?
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Increased frequency
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If the kinocilia in cristae ampullares bend away from the utricle, what does this do to impulse frequency?
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Decreased frequency
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What does the cochlea spiral around (bony part)? How many spirals does it usually make?
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Modiolus
2.5 to 4.5 turns |
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What innervates the cochlea?
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Cochlear part of vestibulocochlear n. (CN VIII)
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ID these regions (B and C are spaces, D and E are membranes). What fluid is in each space?
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A - Scala Media (cochlear duct) - endolymph
B - Scala vestibuli (perilymph) C - Scala tympani (perilymph) D - vestibular membrane E - basilar membrane |
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What is the apex of the cochlea known as?
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Helicotrema
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What cochlear organ is used for hearing?
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Organ of Corti (spiral organ)
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Which way are the kinocilia oriented in the organ of Corti?
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*******! No kinocilia in this sucka!!
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How many hairs at B and C? ID the rest, yo!
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A - Tectorial membrane
B - 3 hairs C - 1 hair D - Spiral organ (organ of Corti) |
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What are the hairs of the organ of Corti embedded in? Where do these cells synapse?
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Tectorial membrane
Synapse on spiral ganglion of cochlear n. |
