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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the two main divisions of the integument?
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Skin and skin derivatives
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Name some skin derivatives:
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Glands (sweat, sebaceous, mammary)
Hair Horns Hooves Claws Feathers Horns Antlers Combs Wattles |
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What is the largest organ and what is its weight percentage?
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Integument! 16% w/w
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Name some integument functions:
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Barrier – 2 way
Temperature regulation Secretion Calcium homeostasis Protection against UV radiation Provides for motion and external form Used in locomotion Behavior displays - sexual & defense Mechanical & immune protection Sensory |
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ID these regions of the integument
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A - Epidermis
B - Dermis C - Hypodermis D - Dermal papillae E - Epidermal pegs |
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What does skin use to make Vitamin D?
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Dehydrocholecalciferol + uv = Vitamin D
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ID these dermal structures
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A - Sweat gland
B - Hair follicle C - Sebaceous gland |
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What is skin contiguous with?
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Body holes (mucous membranes)!!
Eyes, ears, urogenital system, respiratory system, both ends of digestive system |
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What cell type makes up most of the epidermis?
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Keratinocytes
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What are the layers of the epidermis (from superficial to deep)?
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Stratum Corneum
Stratum Lucidum (maybe) Stratum Granulosum Stratum Spinosum Stratum Basale |
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Which layer contains germinal cells for the epidermis? Which epidermal layer is characterized by actively dividing cells?
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Stratum basale for both!
Basal layer of stratum spinosum can also be actively dividing. |
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What makes the stratum spinosum spiny?
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Processing artifact - desmosomes and cell shrinkage
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Identifizzle these layas:
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A - Stratum basale
B - Stratum spinosum C - Stratum granulosum D - Stratum lucidum E - Stratum corneum |
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What do keratinocytes in the stratum granulosum contain?
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Keratinohyaline granules
Profilagrin |
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T or F:
Stratum lucidum is only present in thick skin. |
True!
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Whats is the fancy-ass term for skin flaking?
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Desquamate
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What are the two types of keratin and give examples of each.
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Hard keratin (hooves, horns, feathers, some hair)
Soft keratin (most epidermis and some mucous membranes) |
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What are the non-keratinocyte component of the epidermis?
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Melanocytes
Merkel cells Dendritic (langerhans) cells Macrophages Lymphocytes |
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What is the embryonic origin of melanocytes? Where are they located?
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Neural crest cells BITCHES!
Located in the Stratum Basale YOU KNOW!!! |
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Ok now its time to play WHERE'S THAT MELANOCYTE!!!
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Awww, you lose! It was C
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Which cells do melanocytes strive to protect?
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Stem cells of stratum basale
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Where are most dendritic cells located? Where are most Langerhans cells located?
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Different names for the same thing - Dendritic (Langerhans) cells make up 2-4% of epidermal cell population and are located in the stratum spinosum
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What are the precursors of Langerhans cells? What is the function of dendritic cells?
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From bone marrow precursors. Antigen presenting cells of skin and phagocytic function
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What is the possible function of Merkel cells? Where are they abundant?
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Possibly mechanoreceptors and may release neuroendocrine substance. Prevalent in stratum basale of oral mucosa and base of hair follicle
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What is the region where the epidermis and dermis interdigitate called?
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Rete apparatus
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What is another name for the dermis? What is its histological morphology?
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Corium is dense, irregular CT
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What are the two layers of the dermis? What is the tissue composition of each?
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Papillary layer (loose to dense irr CT)
Reticular layer (dense irr CT) |
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T or F
The basement membrane between the dermis and epidermis is sparsely vascularized |
False!
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T or F:
Both reticular and papillary layers of the dermis contain hair and glands. |
False! Only the reticular layer does, yo!
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ID these dermal layers
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A - Papillary
B - Reticular |
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T or F:
There are tons-o-immune cells in the papillary layer. |
True!
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Which of the following are covered by thick skin?
Foot pads Tongue Eyelid Nasal plenum Teat |
Nasal plenum
Teat Foot pads |
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Which sweat glands are present in thick skin? Which types of hair?
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Merocrine sweat glands.
NO HAIR FOLLICLES!!! |
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What smooth muscle is attached to hair?
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Arrector Pili muscles
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Which sweat glands are present in thin skin?
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Apocrine sweat glands in all mammals (merocrine in primates)
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Steve Urkel knows what kind of skin this is. How do YOU know?
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It's thick skin! No hair follicles and presence of stratum lucidum. The stratum corneum is also really really thick.
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Hey Kid
What up, Play? What kinda skin we be in? |
Thin Skin!
Check out all the glands and the hair follicle right by Play! |
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What is the embryologic origin of a hair follicle?
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Epidermis! Invades the dermis.
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ID these regions of the hair follicle
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A - Medulla
B - Cortex C - Dermal papilla |
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ID this mess-o-hair parts
Which contains melanocytes? |
A - External root sheath
B - Sebaceous gland C - Outermost cuticle D - Internal hair sheath E - Arrector Pili m. F - Outermost cuticle (sorry put it in twice) G - Matrix (contains melanocytes) |
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What is the extent of the root of the hair follicle?
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From surface to the bulb
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What are the three main layers to a hair shaft?
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Outermost cuticle
Cortex Medulla |
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What does the hair cortex produce?
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Tricohyaline granules and keratin
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What are the types of hair follicles (by size and associated structures)?
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Primary
Secondary |
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What are the types of hair follicles by # of follicles exiting from one opening?
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Simple
Compound |
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ID these hair follicles by size/associated structures.
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A - Primary
B - Secondary C - Secondary |
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T or F:
All hairs have a cortex and medulla |
False! Not all have medullae.
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Contrast primary and secondary hair follicle.
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Secondary is smaller, nearer the surface and has no:
medulla sweat glands arrector pili muscles |
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What type of hair usually has numerous nerve bundles and skeletal muscle associated with it?
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Vibrissae (tactile hairs)
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What are the main two types of skin glands?
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Sebaceous and sweat glands
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Describe the secretory mechanism of skin glands.
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Sebaceous (holocrine)
Sweat (merorine or eccrine) Sweat (apocrine) |
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ID these glands of the skin.
What does each release? |
All are sebaceous glands releasing sebum.
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Where are eccrine sweat glands mainly found?
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Weird places (thick skin)
Foot pads – dogs and cats Frog of ungulates Planum nasolabiale in ox |
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T or F:
You should see no blebbing on merocrine sweat glands. |
True!
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T or F:
You should see blebbing on eccrine sweat glands. |
False! They are the same as merocrine sweat glands!!!
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What is sebum composed of?
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IGA
FAs Cholesterol Vitamin D precursors |
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T or F:
You should see blebbing on apocrine sweat glands. |
True!
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T or F:
You should see apocrine sweat glands on hairy skin. |
True!
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ID 12 and 14
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12 - sebaceous sweat gland
14 - Apocrine sweat gland |
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ID 6 and 7
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6 - Sebaceous sweat gland
7 - Apocrine sweat gland |
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What is the gland morphology of the mammary gland?
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Compound tubuloalveolar
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Name the (3) types of glands of the anal region.
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Circumanal glands
Anal glands Glands of the anal sac |
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Where do anal glands open?
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Open into anus
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T or F:
A good veterinarian can express individual anal glands. |
False! I don't care how good you are, you're still expressing anal SACS!
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What is the anal gland morphology? What does it secrete in dogs? In cats? In pigs?
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Modified tubuloalveolar sweat glands.
Cats/Dogs - lipid Pig - mucus |
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What is the secretory mechanism of anal glands? Of glands of the anal sac?
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Anal glands are merocrine
Anal sac glands are apocrine to holocrine (sebaceous) |
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ID the following as:
Anal glands Circumanal glands Glands of the anal sac |
A - Anal gland
B - Glands of the anal sac C - Glands of the anal sac D - Circumanal gland |
