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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What type of muscle is found in the tunica muscularis of the alimentary canal? What regulates these muscles?
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Skeletal AND smooth muscle
Myenteric plexus (Auerbach's plexus) |
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What are the tunics of the alimentary canal?
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Tunica mucosa
Tunica submucosa Tunica muscularis Tunica adventitia |
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What are the sublayers of the tunica mucosa?
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Epithelium
Lamina propria Muscularis mucosa |
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Which nerves provide sympathetic innervation to much of the alimentary canal? How 'bout parasympathetic innervation?
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Sympathetic - Splanchnic nn.
Parasympathetic - Vagus and Sacral nn. |
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What innervates the Tunica submucosa? What nervous system is this a part of?
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Submucosal plexus (Meissner's plexus) is part of the enteric nervous system (along with the myenteric plexi)
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ID these layers and structures of a cross section of the alimentary canal
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A - Mesothelium
B - Serosa C - Outer longitudinal muscle D - Inner circular muscle E - Myenteric (Auerbach's) Plexus F - Tunica submucosa |
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What is the cranial and caudal extent of the oropharynx? Where is it located with respect to the soft palate?
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Buccal cavity to esophagus
Ventral to the soft palate |
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WHAT THE HELL IS THIS!?!?
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calm down, dude...it's just the Larynx.
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What kind of glands can be found in the submucosa of the esophagus? Where are these found in the ruminant? The dog?
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Tubuloalveolar mucus secreting glands. Found in the cervical region of ruminants but throughout the canine esophagus.
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T or F:
Pigs can't vomit. |
True (or I think it's true) - like horses and cats, pigs only have striated muscle in the cervical region. I think this is a good thing because I imagine that pig vomit is pretty f'n nasty.
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T or F:
Tunica muscularis is not involved in gastric folds. |
True!
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What type of epithelium is found in the stomach?
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simple columnar epithelium
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What are the glandular regions of the stomach? Which one(s) secrete gastric juices?
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Cardiac
Fundic - secretes gastric juice Pyloric |
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What do glands in the cardiac region secrete?
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Mucus
Hormones (gastrin and cholecytokinin among others; not secreted into the ducts) |
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What is the cell morphology in the cardiac glands?
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Neck and upper portion - cuboidal
Remainder - columnar |
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What cells secrete hormones in the cardiac region? How can they be stained?
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Enteroendocrine (argentaffin) cells
Can stain w/ silver stain |
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What cells are found in a fundic gland? What is the function of each cell type?
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Mucous neck cells - secretes mucus
Chief cells - secretes gastric enzymes (pepsin, rennin, gastric lipase) Parietal cells - secretes HCl |
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What is a good way to tell chief cells from parietal cells?
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Chief cells are basophilic while parietal cells are acidophilic.
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Oh no! Microman fell into the stomach! Which region is he in (and how can he tell)?
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Whew. He's just in the cardiac region. Check out the mucus-producing glands and the shallow pit depth.
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Oh no! Micropimp is in the stomach! Which region is he in and how does he know?
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Awwww snap!
He's in the fundic gland region! He can see all the purple basophilic chief cells and the deep pits. Watch out, micropimp! |
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Silly Anakin Skywalker cut himself into a big stomach again. Where did he end up and how does he know?
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By the lack of basophilic cells, plethora of mucus producing cells, and deep gastric pits he's in the pyloric region! Watch out for that sphincter!
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What layer forms the pylorus?
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Tunica muscularis forms the pyloric sphincter.
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What are the three forestomachs (that sounds funny) of ruminants?
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Rumen, Reticulum, Omasum
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Which forestomach is the "fermentation vat"?
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Rumen
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Which forestomach has the longest papillae?
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Rumen
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Which forestomach is the "honeycomb"?
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Reticulum
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T or F:
Papillae in the rumen have no muscularis mucosa. |
True!
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T or F:
Papillae in the omasum have no muscularis mucosa. |
False! They have tons-o-muscle!
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Which forestomach is "the book"?
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Omasum
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Which regions of the forestomach have muscularis mucosa in their papillae?
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Omasum and reticulum
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T or F:
Papillae of the reticulum and omasum contain both tunica muscularis and lamina muscularis. |
False! Only the omasum is like this.
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What are the surface modifications of the small intestine lumenal surface?
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Plicae circulares
Villi Microvilli |
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What is found at the base of an intestinal vilus?
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Crypts (not crips)
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What are the regions of the small intestine?
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Duodenum
Jejunum Ileum |
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What are the glands that secrete alkaline secretions in the duodenum called?
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Intestinal submucosal (Brunner's) glands
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Crazy Zakk got AC Slater stuck in someone's intestine again! Where is he and how does he know?
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He's in the jejunum! The jejunum has fewer and thinner villi and it does have lymph nodules.
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Sammy Davis Jr. lost his glass eye again and he thinks that it's those big nodules below the villi. Tell him where he really is and what those nodules are.
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Sammy is in the Ileum. Looks like jejunum but has the Peyer's Patches of aggregated lymph nodules.
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What are components of intestinal juice?
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water, electrolytes, mucins, sIgA, & enzymes
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What is a lymph vessel within a villus called and why is it milky?
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Lacteal.
Milky due to the fats it contains. |
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Identify A, B, and C.
What is the function of B? |
A - Goblet cells
B - Paneth cells (secrete bacteriocidal lysosyme) C - Crypts |
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T or F:
The large intestine has no villi. |
True, dammit!
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T or F:
The large intestine has rugae instead of villi. |
True, dammit!
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Which species have a prominent cecum?
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Horse, rabbit, guinea pig
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What are the thickened, flat, longitudinally oriented bands of smooth muscle in the cecum and colon called?
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Taeniae (ceci and coli)
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What is Richard Gere doing here? Where is he, anyway?
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He's somewhere in the colon. Check out the lack of villi and the abundant mucous producing cells.
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What distinguishes the recto-anal junction?
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Marked by a transition from simple columnar epithelium with large numbers of goblet cells to stratified squamous epithelium.
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