Bryan - La Med Iii - Neuro For Test 2 - Spring 3Rd Year

Front 1

Choose EEE, VEE, WEE, or a combination of these...
...alphavirus

Back 1

EEE, VEE, WEE

Front 2

Choose EEE, VEE, WEE, or a combination of these...
...highest mortality

Back 2

EEE (90%)
VEE (40-80% but can be100%)
WEE (50-70%)
They're all pretty bad....

Front 3

Choose EEE, VEE, WEE, or a combination of these...
...arbovirus

Back 3

EEE, VEE, WEE

Front 4

Choose EEE, VEE, WEE, or a combination of these...
...horses are dead-end hosts

Back 4

EEE, WEE

Front 5

Choose EEE, VEE, WEE, or a combination of these...
...biphasic fever

Back 5

EEE, VEE, WEE

Front 6

Choose EEE, VEE, WEE, or a combination of these...
...disease may not progress beyond mild signs

Back 6

WEE

Front 7

Choose EEE, VEE, WEE, or a combination of these...
...virus isolation from CSF

Back 7

WEE when acute

Front 8

Choose EEE, VEE, WEE, or a combination of these...
...lowest mortality

Back 8

WEE

Front 9

Choose EEE, VEE, WEE, or a combination of these...
...survivors are MOST likely to have residual neuro signs

Back 9

EEE

Front 10

Choose EEE, VEE, WEE, or a combination of these...
...4 to 6 month immunity with core vaccination

Back 10

EEE, WEE

Front 11

Which nerves are associated with temporohyoid osteopathy?

Back 11

Facial and vestibulocochlear nerves (facial transects the bone; VIII is in petrous temporal bone)

Front 12

T or F:
Most horses w/temporohyoid osteopathy have facial nerve deficits.

Back 12

True! 88% do

Front 13

Which joint is the problem in temporohyoid osteopathy?

Back 13

Synchondrosis of stylohyoid bone and petrous temporal bone

Front 14

Which of the following is the most likely cause of temporohyoid osteopathy?
a) Otitis media
b) Otitis interna
c) DJD of synchondrosis
d) congenital defect
e) Ca:P imbalance

Back 14

c) DJD of synchondrosis

Front 15

What are some behavioral signs of temporohyoid osteopathy?

Back 15

unusual mastication, reluctance to put on halter, turning head, head shy, head shaking, vestibular signs

Front 16

T or F:
Vestibular deficits are more common than facial nerve deficits in temporohyoid osteopathy.

Back 16

False!
They're close...
88% Facial; 70% vestibular

Front 17

Which of the following are NOT clinical signs of acute temporohyoid osteopathy?
a) head tilt
b) halter shy
c) vertical nystagmus
d) ataxia
e) KCS

Back 17

b) halter shy (this is more a behavioral change before the acute issue)
c) vertical nystagmus (NO; this would be CENTRAL vestibular, should be HORIZONTAL)

Front 18

What are some non-imaging diagnostics for temporohyoid osteopathy diagnosis?

Back 18

Pain @ ear base
Head tilt
Increased Schirmer tear test time (decreased tear production)

Front 19

What is the Romberg response?

Back 19

Head tilt not elicited until blindfolded

Front 20

How is temporohyoid osteopathy treated? What is the prognosis?

Back 20

Surgery! Ceratohyoidectomy; good prognosis if caught early!

Front 21

Which horses are overrepresented for cerebellar abiotrophy?

Back 21

Arabs, Gotland Ponies, Oldenbergs

Front 22

What are the "pathognomic" signs for cerebellar abiotrophy?

Back 22

Intention tremors, ataxia, abnormal menace

Front 23

T or F:
Cerebellar abiotrophy is a grossly evident lesion.

Back 23

False! You need histo!

Front 24

What is the histologic lesion in cerebellar abiotrophy?

Back 24

Degeneration in Purkinje cells.

Front 25

What should you use in an EMERGENCY treatment of equine seizures?

Back 25

Diazepam, midazolam, or maybe an alpha 2

Front 26

T or F:
Similarly to dogs, horses can be treated with phenobarbital or KBr for seizures.

Back 26

True!

Front 27

What is the signalment for "benign epilepsy"?

Back 27

Otherwise known as Arab Seizure Syndrome!
Egyptian Arabs <1yr (usually <6mos); client finds foal with unexplained wounds

Front 28

You find your Arab foal with unexplained wounds. What is the likely cause?
a) it's an Arab is is probably not the brightest and ran into something
b) ninjas
c) aliens
d) arab seizure syndrome
e) hydranencephaly

Back 28

a) it's an Arab is is probably not the brightest and ran into something
d) arab seizure syndrome

Front 29

How is Arab Seizure Syndrome treated?
a) benign neglect
b) diazepam
c) cull
d) phenobarbital
e) pentabarbital

Back 29

a) benign neglect
d) phenobarbital

Front 30

What are the 4 classic signs of equine motor neuron disease?

Back 30

Weight loss
Muscle fasiculations
Progressive weakness
Muscle wasting

Front 31

When do cerebellar abiotrophic foals commonly begin to show signs?

Back 31

4 months

Front 32

Which of the following are NOT true regarding equine lower motor neuron disease?
a) acquired disease
b) affects foals
c) most affected horses have limited exposure to pasture
d) common in the southwest
e) only common findings are absence of pasture and high concentrate diets

Back 32

b) affects foals (NO; age 2-23 yrs)
d) common in the southwest (NO; along US/Canada border)

Front 33

Which cranial nerves are most commonly affected with EMND?

Back 33

V, VII, XII

Front 34

Which of the following are NOT true regarding EMND?
a) not inflammatory
b) type I muscles mostly affected
c) spinal cord dorsal horn and nucleus ambiguus commonly affected along with cranial nerves V, VII, XII
d) 70% of motor neurons must be dysfunctional before clinical signs
e) probably an oxidative disorder

Back 34

c) spinal cord dorsal horn and nucleus ambiguus commonly affected along with cranial nerves V, VII, XII (NO; VENTRAL HORN)
d) 70% of motor neurons must be dysfunctional before clinical signs (NO; 30%)

Front 35

Which muscles are most severely affected in EMND?

Back 35

Quadriceps, Triceps, Gluteal

Front 36

What is a common signalment for EMND?

Back 36

Older (10yo) Arab, QH, Stdbd, or TBD

Front 37

Which of the following are associated with EMND?
a) shifting weight
b) sawhorse stance
c) elevated tailhead
d) stands on a ball like an elephant
e) roundhouse kick to your face

Back 37

a) shifting weight
c) elevated tailhead
d) stands on a ball like an elephant (all legs underneath)

Front 38

T or F:
Most horses with EMND are low in vitamin E.

Back 38

True!

Front 39

Which nerve can be biopsied to diagnose EMND? Which muscle?

Back 39

Spinal accessory nerve
Sacrocaudalis dorsalis m.

Front 40

T or F:
EMND cannot be diagnosed until more than 50% of type I fibers show atrophy.

Back 40

False!
Only 20-30%

Front 41

How is EMND treated?

Back 41

Can't really treat it...
Maybe give Vitamin E and good quality hay (often euthanized)

Front 42

What are some chem panel changes with EMND?

Back 42

CK and AST eleveation