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59 Cards in this Set

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Choose papule, nodule, or tumor...
- 1-6mm
- covered w/normal skin
- 5-30 mm
- irregular proliferation of tissue
papule - 1-6mm
papule/nodule - covered w/normal skin
nodule - 5-30 mm
tumor - irregular proliferation of tissue
What are some good differentials for lumps in goats?
Caseous lymphadenitis (C. pseudoTB)
Abscess (A. pyogenes)
Saanen warts
Wattle cysts
Impacted cud
You see these lesions on the back of a cow. What is it, what causes it, and how can you prevent it?
WARBLES!
Hypoderma bovis or lineate nodules

Use ivermectin in the fall to prevent


Organophosphates if before Oct 15th (don't want to kill in the spinal cord)

What's going on with this cow?

What causes it?


How might it be diagnosed?

Acid-fast lymphangitis
Mycobacterium spp.

Reacts to TB test

How do you treat this in a horse?
Incise and remove
don't crush!
Prevent w/ivermectin
What is the histologic hallmark of nodular collagenolytic granulomas?
amorphous collagen flame fibers + eosinophilic infiltrates
Which of the following are valid options when treating nodular collagenolytic granulomas?
a) benign neglect
b) steroids
c) surgery
d) ivermectin
e) buy a new horse
a) benign neglect
b) steroids
c) surgery
e) buy a new horse
Where are mastocytomas usually found in horses?



what about on cattle?

On the head
Some nasty ones on the joints



in cattle--wherever, the picture had them on the ventrum

How do you identify cutaneous amyloidosis?
Congo red for amyloid
How are girth nodules treated?
surgical removal
What is this nastyness?
Cutaneous mastocytoma!
If you see nodules on a horse along the leg lymphatics in CA and E. OR, what might you be thinking?

What about if it was in the SE?

Ulcerative lymphangitis (C. pseudoTB)
In the SE; Sporotrichosis (S. schenckii)
If you see small soft to firm nodules in a horse that exude an oily discharge, how will you treat these?
Vit E and Steroids!

These are sterile nodular panniculitis lesions (subcut fat inflammation)

Name some equine cutaneous masses/tumors, yo!
Sarcoid!
Papillomas!
Melanomas!
LSA!
Proud Flesh!
Habronema!
Other shiz....
SCC!
Which equine dermal tumors are really subcutaneous?
Melanoma
Cutaneous LSA
What is the most common equine skin tumor? What might be the cause?
Sarcoid!
d/t BPV 1 or 2
What is the deal here?
How can you treat it?
Papillomatosis!
Tx - benign neglect, cryosurgery, acetic acid, etc
What are the 5 types of sarcoid?
Flat (occult)
Verrucous
Mixed
Fibroblastic
Nodular
How are sarcoids treated?
Cryosurgery
Debulking + immune therapy
Xxterra, blood root, & other crap
What is the prognosis for sarcoid treatment?
50% recrudescence!
What is this nastyness?
Equine sarcoid!!!
What gives here?

How is this treated? Prognosis?

Melanoma

Tx - benign neglect, surgery, oral cimetidine, immune therapy
67% are malignant but slow to metastasize

What gives here?
How do you diagnose?
Cutaneous LSA
Biopsy & histopath
What is this?
How do you diagnose?
Treatment?
SCC
Biopsy
Tx (cryosx, irradiation, 5FU, hyperthermia)
Yuk! What gives here! How is it treated?
Proud flesh!

Shrink w/pressure bandage or sx excision

Here is a horse from the south in the summer. What gives?

How do you treat it?

Habronemiasis (summer sores; swamp cancer)
tx - sx debulk, ivermectin, corticosteroid
What are some differentials for big-ol lumps in cattle?

Which is most common?

Papillomatosis (most common)
SCC
Actinomycosis (lumpy jaw)
Cutaneous LSA
Which of the following are not true regarding bovine papillomatosis?
a) Teat warts are caused by serotypes 1 and 2
b) Caused by a papovavirus
c) spread by licking warts
d) usually in older (>2) animals
e) Benign neglect will cure most
a) Teat warts are caused by serotypes 1 and 2 (NO, this describes typical warts. Teat warts are 1, 5, 6, 9, 10)
d) usually in older (>2) animals (NO, younger <2yo)
How do you make a BPV vaccine?
Take some wart, blend with formaldehyde, add a splash of vermouth, a wedge of lime, and inject it intradermally
What is the most common eye tumor of the cow?
SCC (on 3rd eyelid or conjunctiva)
Which of the following are not true regarding bovine cutaneous LSA?
a) caused by BLV
b) only seen in young cows
c) autogenous vaccine treatment
d) Grayish nodules
a) caused by BLV (NO, idiopathic)
c) autogenous vaccine treatment (no treatment)
What is this nastyness? How do you treat it?
Papillomatosis
Tx - should fall off in 9 mos or so
What are possible sequellae to heat branding?
Brand keratoma
SCC maybe
Which of the following are not true regarding urticaria in horses?
a) history is important in diagnosis
b) a type II hypersensitivity
c) involves mast cell degranulation
d) IgE mediated
e) antihistimanes are effective
b) a type II hypersensitivity (NO, type I)
e) antihistimanes are effective (Nope, use steroids)
If urticaria does not regress, it may progress to ____________.
angioedema
How much epinephrine should you give to a 1500lb horse in anaphylactic shock?
4.5 - 7.5mL
What is this and what caused it?

How do you treat it?

Erythema Multiforme
(d/t: drugs, chemicals, neoplasia, or infection reaction)

Spontaneously regresses after 3-4 mos; non-steroid responsive

A stressful condition causing cessation of hair growth describes...
...telogen defluxion
How can you tell telogen from anogen defluxion?
Anagen defluxion is RAPID hair loss, has irregular and displastic, and hair breaks
What are some causes of this?
Pruritus (culicoides)
Boredom/rubbing/tail itch
Pinworms
Appaloosa mane alopecia
Trichorrhexis nodosa
Piedra
Which of these...
...causes pruritus
...causes anemia
...can hitch a ride on flying insects
...sometimes mistaken for a tick
...Melaopagus ovinus
A (chewing louse)...causes pruritus
C (sucking louse)...causes anemia
A & C...can hitch a ride on flying insects
B (Ked)...sometimes mistaken for a tick
B...Melaopagus ovinus

T or F:




goats have a papilloma virus that causes papillomas

true

2 differentials for warts in a goat

papilloma virus


saanen warts (only on white areas)

you see a round swelling at the throat of a goat.




2 differentials?

-caseous lymphadenitis


-wattle cyst

what insect spreads hypoderma?

heel fly




they look like bumblebees!

what is the most common skin nodule in the horse?

eosinophilic granuloma

how do you treat ulcerative lymphagitis in horses?




don't confuse this with acid fast lymphangitis in cattle

-antibiotics


-drain deeper abscesses

you see lumps on the flanks of a cow.




what REPORTABLE disease could it be?




how would you diagnose?

lumpy skin disease




biopsy-->intracytoplasmic inclusions

how do you treat proud flesh/exuberant granulation tissue?

-remove excess granulation


-wrap and put cortisone

2 differentials for proud flesh in a lower limb?

-exuberant granulation


-habronemiasis

where do you find calcinosis circumscripta?

over pressure points or joints




not attached to the bone, surrounded by soft tissue swelling

what is NOT the cause of cutaneous lymphosarcoma?

bovine leukemia virus

mane-tail dystrophy is seen in what species?

appaloosas

name 3 reasons for hirsutism in a horse

-pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction


-cold weather


-chronic disease (parasites, inflammation)

pathogenesis of PPID?




diagnosis?




treatment(s)?

-dopaminergic nerves depleted, no negative feedback, stimulates hypertrophy of pituitary




-overnight low dexamethasone suppression test




-pergolide + cyproheptadine

you have an animal with pale hair, a rough kinky coat, and diarrhea.




diagnosis?

copper defcicieny

what is the name for hair coming in white and a horse having cross hatch crusts on the drosum?

variegated leukotrichia

what is the disease called where there is a decrease in collagen fibers but an increase in elastic ones?

hyperelastosis cutis

what is it called when an animal is born without skin?

epitheliogenesis imperfecta