Bryan - La Med Ii - Swine Diseases Part 2 - Winter 3Rd Year

Front 1

What is an important rule-out for signs of respiratory distress in piglets? What is the best way to detect respiratory disease in pigs?

Back 1

Anemia;
Stir 'em up!!

Front 2

What are the major viral respiratory diseases of swine? Which only affects piglets? Which is reportable?

Back 2

Cytomegalovirus (Piglets)
Pseudorabies (reportable)
PRRS
Swine flu
PCAD (Porcine circovirus associated dz)

Front 3

What are the major clinical signs of pseudorabies? What are necropsy lesions?

Back 3

Cx - mostly CNS; some respiratory
white necrosis in liver (like equine EHV1)

Front 4

Which 2 bacteria cause atrophic rhinitis? Which is progressive?

Back 4

Pasteurella multocida (progressive)
Bordatella bronchiseptica (non-progressive)

Front 5

Which of the following are true regarding swine influenza?
a) high mortality/low morbidity
b) H3N2/H1N1 are zoonotic
c) vaccines are often preventive
d) meaty lungs may be found on necropsy

Back 5

b) H3N2/H1N1 are zoonotic
d) meaty lungs may be found on necropsy
(LOW mortality/HIGH morbidity; no real treatment or prevention)

Front 6

What is the most economically important disease of the swine industry?

Back 6

PRRS

Front 7

How is PRRS transmitted? Where is it shed?

Back 7

Shed in pretty much all body secretions; can be transmitted via aerosol, via skin wounds, & etc

Front 8

Which are true regarding PRRS?
a) low mortality/high morbidity in nursery piglets
b) a dsRNA virus with low environmental stability
c) causes less reproductive issues and more respiratory issues
d) 40% of alveolar macrophages are killed by the virus in nursing pigs

Back 8

c) causes less reproductive issues and more respiratory issues
d) 40% of alveolar macrophages are killed by the virus in nursing pigs
(note: high mortality in nursery/growers, low mortality in feeders; caused by an Arterivirus ssRNA virus)

Front 9

What tissues are best sampled to demonstrate PRRS virus?

Back 9

Lung; Tonsil

Front 10

What porcine respiratory viral disease is associated with chronic wasting? What tissues does it impact?

Back 10

PCAD (porcine circovirus associated disease); causes interstitial pneumonia and lymphadenopathy

Front 11

Cranioventral distribution of lung lesions that look like "fish flesh" are likely due to...

Back 11

...P. multocida

Front 12

Firm lung lungs in the dorsal aspect of feeder pigs is likely due to which bacterium?

Back 12

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae

Front 13

Suppurative exudate in the lungs of pigs is likely due to...

Back 13

...H. somnus

Front 14

Which of the following is NOT correct regarding enzootic pneumonia in pigs?
a) caused by Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
b) usually caudodorsal distribution
c) rarely seen in young animals <1month of age
d) Penicillins are appropriate treatments

Back 14

b) usually caudodorsal distribution (NOOOOO; cranioventral)
d) Penicillins are appropriate treatments (NOOOOO; mycoplasma have no cell wall)
(Enzootic pneumonia is d/t Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae)

Front 15

What is a common practice for preventing endemic disease?

Back 15

pulse medication

Front 16

Procaine penicillin G is commonly used to treat which of the following:
a) Mycoplasma
b) Erysipelas
c) Clostridium
d) Brachyspira
e) Haemophilus

Back 16

b) Erysipelas
c) Clostridium
(also the Strepts)

Front 17

Tetracycline is commonly used to treat which of the following:
a) Mycoplasma
b) Erysipelas
c) Clostridium
d) Brachyspira
e) Haemophilus

Back 17

b) Erysipelas
e) Haemophilus
(also Pasteurella; some Strepts)

Front 18

Tylosin is good against which bacteria?

Back 18

Mycoplasma and Brachyspira

Front 19

Which broad-spectrum abx also gets Mycoplasma?
Which is good for Gram + and Strep suis?

Back 19

Enrofloxacin (broad + myco)
Ceftiofur (Gram + and Strep suis)

Front 20

Why do piglets get iron deficiency anemia?

Back 20

They grow super fast!

Front 21

Regarding swine reproduction, fill in the following...
Estrus is _____days with a _____day cycle. Gestation lasts ________ days.

Back 21

2 d estrus w/21d cycle
113-115d gestation

Front 22

Regarding swine reproduction, fill in the following...
The largest sow litters are the _________. Post weaning sows are back in estrus in ________ days. An acceptable abortion rate is ________.

Back 22

4th to 5th litter is largest
In estrus 5-7d post weaning
2% acceptable abortion rate

Front 23

Which of the following are NOT true regarding pig production?
a) Sows average >2 litters/year.
b) The average livebirths/litter is ~10.
c) Piglet survival rates are around 80%
d) On average, sows wean 27 piglets/year.

Back 23

b) The average livebirths/litter is ~10. NOOOOOOOOOOO....this is the number of weaned piglets per litter (actually more like 11.2). Average live births/litter is 12.8.

Front 24

What is the cause of most swine infertility issues?
a) management
b) viral
c) bacterial
d) genetics
e) idiopathic

Back 24

a) management

Front 25

Some management issues contributing to swine infertility include...

Back 25

...heat stress, seasonal infertility, estrogenic mycotoxins, CO, sow overconditioning

Front 26

What are viral causes of swine infertility?

Back 26

PRRS
Hog cholera (Classical Swine Fever)
Pseudorabies
Circovirus
Parvovirus

Front 27

Which etiologic agent is characterized by fetal mummies?

Back 27

Parvovirus

Front 28

Which etiologic agent is characterized by abortion storms, CSF signs, and involvement of other ages?

Back 28

Pseudorabies

Front 29

Which etiologic agent can cause fetal malformations or abortions due to fevers in sow?

Back 29

Hog cholera (Classical Swine Fever)

Front 30

Which etiologic agent is characterized by autolytic fetuses?

Back 30

Leptospira

Front 31

What is a postpartum cause of major economic loss in swine? What causes this condition and how is it treated?

Back 31

Postpartum dysgalactia syndrome of sows (endotoxemia; Tx w/abx and banamine)

Front 32

What are some common causes of piglet mortality?

Back 32

Crushing/savaging by sow or gilt
Hypothermia
Hypoglycemia
Infections (Enteritis, Septicemia, Pneumonia)
Anemia

Front 33

How old should piglets be before cross-fostering them and why?

Back 33

18hrs; ensures adequate colostrum uptake

Front 34

Which bacterium commonly causes cystitis/pyelonephritis in pigs?

Back 34

Actinobaculum suis (anaerobe)

Front 35

"turkey-egg" kidney in pigs are due to...

Back 35

...sepsis, viral infxn, or DIC

Front 36

What are 2 major differentials for fibrinous polyserositis in pigs?

Back 36

Haemophilus parasuis
Strept. suis

Front 37

Which are true regarding mulberry heart disease?
a) caused by a Se deficiency
b) caused by a Zn deficiency
c) is a form of fibrinous polyserositis
d) often accompanied with joint effusion
e) causes myocardial damage

Back 37

a) caused by a Se deficiency
e) causes myocardial damage
(NO JOINT EFFUSION, PERITINOTIS, OR MENINGITIS)

Front 38

What are the best samples to take in live animals to test for fibrinous polyserositis? In necropsied animals?

Back 38

Live (joint tap)
Dead (swabs)

Front 39

How can Glasser's Disease be treated?

Back 39

Enrofloxacin or Florfenicol
(This is fibrinous polyserositis d/t Haemophilus parasuis)

Front 40

Which common septicemia can mimic Erysipelas?

Back 40

Actinobacillus suis

Front 41

Which multisystemic disease presents similarly to Classic Swine Fever but is an arbovirus?

Back 41

African Swine Fever

Front 42

What are two top differentials for REALLY NASTY lymph nodes in a pig?

Back 42

Classic Swine Fever (Hog Cholera)
Salmonellosis

Front 43

Quick! What bacterial agents cause arthritis in pigs?

Back 43

Haemophilus parasuis
Streptococcus suis
Erysipelas
Mycoplasmas (M. hyorhinus at <3 mos; M. hyosynoviae at 3-6 mos)

Front 44

Vertebral abscesses in pigs are associated with...

Back 44

...tail biting

Front 45

Which of the following can cause hepatic disease in swine?
a) Vitamin E deficiency
b) PCAD
c) Lepto
d) Ascarid migration
e) Lung lobe torsion

Back 45

a) Vitamin E deficiency (Hepatosis dietetica)
b) PCAD (Porcine circovirus-associated dz)
c) Lepto
d) Ascarid migration
(also LIVER lobe torsion, salmonellosis, pseudorabies)

Front 46

IN pigs, congested, edematous lungs are associated with:
a) polyserositis
b) Mulberry Heart Disease
c) Glasser's Disease
d) Heat stroke
e) Chronic cigarette smoking

Back 46

d) Heat stroke

Front 47

Which pig breed is prone to melanomas?

Back 47

Duroc

Front 48

T or F:
Nephroblastoma is a high cause of mortality in 6-7 month old pigs.

Back 48

False!
Usually incidental finding at slaughter.

Front 49

What is the #1 cancer in pigs?

Back 49

LSA

Front 50

What are routine pig surgeries and when are they performed?

Back 50

Clip teeth/tail dock (1wk)
Castration (2wks)

Front 51

Which of the following are true regarding swine biosecurity?
a) most pathogens cannot spread beyond 1 km
b) quarantine periods should be at least 30 days
c) FMD, PCAD, and Parvovirus can spread the farthest
d) wildlife is not an important aspect of biosecurity

Back 51

b) quarantine periods should be at least 30 days
(note: FMD, Parvo, and Pseudorabies can spread the farthest)

Front 52

What are some diseases that outdoor pigs are exposed to that indoor pigs never see?

Back 52

Sunburn!
Lungworms
More osteochondrosis
Soil-associated infections (tetanus)
etc...