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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is necessary for effective repair?
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Cell proliferation
Communication Control of the process Structure/framework for repair |
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What are examples of normally continuously dividing cell populations (ie: non-neoplastic)?
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Skin
Intestinal mucosa Bone Marrow Respiratory tract Reproductive regions |
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What are examples of cells that don't usually divide but can if necessary?
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Endothelial cells
Liver Adrenals Skeletal m. (via sattelite cells) Bone Kidney PNS nerves |
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What are examples of permanently non-dividing cells?
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CNS nerves
Cardiac muscle |
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What are the adult stem cells and/or where are they located?
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Bone marrow
Hair follicles GI glands & crypts Limbus of cornea Liver (oval cells) Skeletal muscle (satellite cells) |
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Which cells are important in the formation of granulation tissue?
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Fibroblasts
Endothelial cells |
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What are the major molecules of the extracelular matrix?
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Collagen
Elastin Laminin Fibronectin GAGs and other glycoproteins |
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What molecules break-down the extracellular matrix?
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Metalloproteinases
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What are the major cell adhesion molecules?
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Integrins
Cadherins Selectins Ig family |
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When animals lick their wounds, what growth factor are they imparting to the wound?
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Epidermal Growth Factor from saliva
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What are major sources of epidermal growth factor?
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Platelets
Macrophages Urine (pee on your wounds??? YUK!!) Saliva Milk Plasma |
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What are major sources of vascular endothelial growth vactor?
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Macrophages
Some epithelial cells |
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What are major sources of platelet-derived growth factor?
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Um....platelets maybe?
macrophages endothelial cells smooth muscle |
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What are some major sources of fibroblast growth factor?
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Tons of crap...
Macrophages Mast Cells T cells blood cells extracellular matrix |
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What are some major sources of TGF-beta?
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Platelets
Macrophages Endothelial cells Epidermal cells T cells smooth muscle fibroblasts |
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If the liver can regenerate, why is a cirrhotic liver a problem?
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Interferes with normal blood flow
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If the intestinal epithelium can regenerate, why do parvo patients still die even if kept hydrated?
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Secondary infection
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Suturing is called...
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First intention
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Leaving a would open (that is too wide to suture) is called...
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...Second intention
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What is the function of a scab?
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protection
platelets and neutrophils (providing various growth factors) |
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What happens on day 1 of first intention healing?
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wound fills w/blood, fibrin and neutrophls > clot forms
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What happens on day 1-2 of first intention healing?
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Epithelium migrates to fuse under scab
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What happens on day 3 of first intention healing?
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Macrophages replace neutrophils
Granulation tissue forms collagen present at margins but vertically aligned |
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What happens on day 5 of first intention healing?
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granulation tissue w/max neovascularization
collagen bridges gap epithelium thickens and differentiates |
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When should sutures be removed?
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1 week
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T or F:
A healed first intention wound is only half as strong as normal after one week. |
False! It is only 10% of normal!
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How long does it take a first intention wound to reach 70-80% of normal strength?
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3 months!
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Which cell type is crucial for wound contraction?
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Myofibroblasts
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What are some characteristics of wounds healed by second intention?
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Thin epidermis
Substantial scarring may have permanently lost follicles and/or glands |
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What can help speed healing by second intention?
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Skin grafts
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If fibroblasts need to be minimized in corneal injuries, how does the cornea heal by second intention?
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Migration of corneal stem cells to the limbus
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What is proud flesh?
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Exuberant granulation tissue
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How can granulation tissue be distinguished from a sarcoma?
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Can't be distinguished grossly; need histology.
If cells appear to be oriented toward the wound (eg: angiogenesis toward the wound) it isn't neoplastic. |
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What directs angiogenesis in wound healing?
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Concentration gradients of chemotaxic factors
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What is in granulation tissue?
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Fibroblasts!
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Which growth factors are major triggers of angiogenesis?
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platelet-derived and vascular endothelial growth factors
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Which growth factors are the major triggers of fibroblast migration and proliferation?
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Platelet-derived,
Fibroblast, Epithelial, and transforming growth factors |
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What are the three factors that dictate whether or not a scar forms?
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Cell division ability
Cell migration ability (rate and/or distance) Adequate scaffolding for healing |
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How do metalloproteinase concentrations affect fibrosis?
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Less enzymes = more fibrosis (decreased collagen degradation)
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What are the 5 steps to healing after injury?
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Jeez, this sounds like a depression hotline....
1) Inflammation 2) cell proliferation/migration 3) Extracellular matrix synthesis 4) tissue remodeling and wound contraction (metalloproteinases and myofibroblasts respectively) 5) Increase in strength over time |
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What are the four factors that can influence the ability of a wound to heal?
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1) extent of tissue damage
2) intensity/duration of injury (eg: crush vs. laceration) 3) local conditions (foreign material; inadequate perfusion) 4) systemic conditions inhibiting repair (eg: diabetes; corticosteroids) |
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T or F:
Corticosteriods are not a good therapy for reducing inflammation in the eye. |
True! They can inhibit corneal repair.
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What effect(s) do corticosteroids have on wound healing?
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Reduce inflammation
Inhibit collagen synthesis Inhibit cell migration |
