Brs Pharmacology Flash Cards

Front 1

Autonomics:

Side effects include cycloplegia, flushing, confusion, increased body temperature, dry mouth, tachycardia, and constipation

Back 1

Atropine

[The side effects of this competitive muscarinic antagonist, as well as for all anticholinergics, are remembered as blind as a bat, red as a beet, mad as a hatter, hot as a hare, and dry as a bone.]

Front 2

Autonomics:

Muscarinic agonist used to treat postoperative urinary retention and atonic ileus

Back 2

Bethanechol

[A related drug, carbachol, has both muscarinic and nicotinic agonist properties and is primarily used in the management of glaucoma. Both drugs are resistant to metabolism by acetylcholinesterases.]

Front 3

Autonomics:

Short-acting anticholinesterase used to distinguish the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis from cholinergic crisis.

Back 3

Edrophonium

[Intravenous injection of this rapidly absorbed drug results in an appreciable increase in muscle strength.]

Front 4

Autonomics:

Indirect-acting sympathomimetic used in over-the-counter nasal decongestants

Back 4

Ephedrine

[It has many of the same actions as amphetamines, with less central nervous system [CNS] stimulation; it is found in Chinese herbs such as ma-huang; one enantiomer, pseudoephedrine, is found in many cold-relief medications.]

Front 5

Autonomics:

Adrenergic agonist used for acute asthma, anaphylactic shock, open-angle glaucoma, and cardiac resuscitation

Back 5

Epinephrine

[Adrenergic agonist with affinity for α₁, α₂, β₁, and β₂ receptors. At low concentrations the effects of the β receptors predominate. β₂ receptors cause vasodilation with decreased total peripheral resistance (TPR) and decreased diastolic pressure. At higher concentrations, β₁ receptors lead to increased cardiac contractility and increased heart rate.]

Front 6

Autonomics:

Prototypic β agonist used for the treatment of both acute heart failure and acute asthma

Back 6

Isoproterenol

[This agent has equivalent affinities for β₁ and β₂ receptors; the β₁ activity causes an increase in cardiac contractility and increased heart rate, resulting in increased stroke volume and cardiac output; the β₂ activity induces bronchodilation.]

Front 7

Autonomics:

Adregenergic antagonist used in the management of hypertension caused by pheochromocytoma; this agent is also used in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) but seldom for it's unfavorable side effects

Back 7

Phenoxybenzamine

[An irreversible α₁ and α₂ antagonist; a similar short-acting reversible antagonist, phentolamine, is used in the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma.]

Front 8

Autonomics:

Used in emergency situations for the treatment of both open- and narrow-angle glaucoma

Back 8

Pilocarpine

[Activation of muscarinic cholinergic receptors causes contraction of the ciliary muscles with opening of Schlemm's canal, allowing drainage of aqueous humor and a subsequent decrease in intraocular pressure.]

Front 9

Autonomics:

Used to treat hypertension and urinary retention; first-dose syncope is a significant side effect associated with this drug

Back 9

Prazosin

[A competitive α₁ antagonist. The use of this drug can lead to postural hypotension, inhibition of ejaculation, reflex tachycardia, nasal congestion, and miosis.]

Front 10

Autonomics:

Prototypical β antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension, glaucoma, migraines, and angina; as prophylaxis for myocardial infarctions; and at low doses to prevent performance anxiety

Back 10

Propanolol

[Nonselective β₁ and β₂ blocker, not to be used in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma, due to significant bronchoconstriction.]