Brs Neuro: Brainstem

Front 1

medulla contains autonomic centers that regulate...

Back 1

respiration
circulation
gi motility

Front 2

medulla is connected to the cerebellum by the

Back 2

inferior cerebellar peduncle

Front 3

spinal lemniscus contains

Back 3

spinothalamic tract
spinotectal tract

Front 4

nuclei of CN 5

Back 4

motor nucleus

mesencephalic nucleus
principal sensory nucleus
spinal trigeminal nucleus

Front 5

relationship of the
motor vs. principal sensory nuclei

of CN 5

Back 5

motor is medial to principal sensory

Front 6

nucleus ambiguus serves CNs _

motor or sensory?

Back 6

9, 10, 11

motor

Front 7

nucleus tractus solitarius serves what CNs __

what modality?

Back 7

7, 9, 10

sensory

Front 8

spinal trigeminal nucleus is used by CNs ___

Back 8

7, 9, 10

Front 9

CN X comes from what 3 nuclei?

Back 9

nucleus tractus solitarius
dorsal motor nucleus
nucleus ambiguus

Front 10

the orientation of the medial lemniscus

cuneatus fibers are always _ or _

Back 10

dorsal

or

medial

Front 11

how far caudally do we see the inferior olivary nucleus?

Back 11

my grasp:

at least as far caudally as the decussation of the medial lemniscus in the medulla

Front 12

what are the three most famous decussations in the medulla in order from rostral to caudal

Back 12

olivocerebellar tract
d. of medial lemniscus
pyramidal decussaion

Front 13

CN 9 comes from what nuclei?

Back 13

inferior salivatory nucleus
nucleus tractus solitarius
nucleus ambiguus

Front 14

which has a more caudal and/or rostral extent:

cochlear or vestibular nuclei?

Back 14

vestibular have a more caudal AND rostral extent

but both are present together at CN VIII's exit from medulla

Front 15

what cranial nerves are found at the level of the cochlear nuclei?

Back 15

CN VIII

CN IX

Front 16

cochlear nuclei appear where?

Back 16

rostral medulla

Front 17

vestibular nuclei appear where?

Back 17

rostral medulla

they extend a little more caudally than the cochlear nuclei, into the medulla

and extend rostrally into caudal pons

Front 18

which is more medial: cochlear nuclei or vestibular nuclei?

how close are they to each other?

Back 18

vestibular

they appear to be separated by the inferior cerebellar peduncle
(p 136)

Front 19

medullary pyramids are dorsal or ventral?

Back 19

ventral

Front 20

which of these two (which are right next to each other) is more dorsal?

spinal trigeminal tract

spinothalamic tract

Back 20

spinal trigeminal tract: more dorsal

spinothalamic tract: more ventral

Front 21

inferior olivary nucleus

receives input from

Back 21

red nucleus

Front 22

inferior olivary nucleus projects via _ to _

Back 22

inferior cerebellar peduncle

contralateral cerebellum

Front 23

inferior olivary nucleus appears in what level of the brainstem?

Back 23

medulla

Front 24

which are the more rostral vestibular nuclei?

the more caudal ones?

Back 24

superior and lateral

inferior and medial

Front 25

central tegmental tract:

goes from _ to _

contains _ fibers

Back 25

midbrain

inferior olivary nucleus

taste

Front 26

spinocerebellar tract: gist of its function

Back 26

conveys unconscious proprioception

from lower extremities

to the cerebellum

Front 27

dorsal spinocerebellar tract

vs. ventral spinocerebellar tract

how do they get to the cerebellum?

Back 27

inferior cerebellar peduncle

superior cerebellar peduncle

Front 28

MLF mediates __ and __

Back 28

nystagmus

lateral conjugate gaze

Front 29

MLF contains _ fibers that

____

Back 29

vestibular

coordinate eye movements via

CN 3, 4, 6

Front 30

solitary tract's role:

Back 30

visceral afferent from 9, 10

taste from 7, 9, 10

Front 31

solitary nucleus projects via _

to _ and _

Back 31

central tegmental tract

parabrachial nucleus of the pons

VPM of the thalamus

Front 32

doorsal motor nucleus of vagus

gist of function

Back 32

preganglionic parasympathetic to

ganglia of the thoracic and abdominal viscera

Front 33

inferior salivatory nucleus of CN IX

where do its fibers go and what do they do?

Back 33

preganglionic parasympathetic

synapse in the otic ganglion

Front 34

nucleus ambiguus

gist of output
gist of function

Back 34

CN 9, 10, 11

muscles of the larynx and pharynx

Front 35

spinal trigeminal tract

gist of input

gist of function

Back 35

5, 7, 9, 10

pain, temperature, light touch from the face

Front 36

spinal trigeminal nucleus forms _ which projects to

Back 36

trigeminothalamic tract

VPM of the thalamus

Front 37

vestibular nuclei receive input from

Back 37

semicircular ducts
utricle
saccule
cerebellum

Front 38

vestibular nuclei project to

Back 38

cerebellum
MLF

Front 39

area postrema is located where?

Back 39

medulla:

rostral to the obex

in the floor of the 4th ventricle

Front 40

how is the pons connected to the cerebellum?

Back 40

middle cerebellar peduncle:
pons to the cerebellum

superior cerebellar peduncle:
cerebellum to the pons and midbrain

Front 41

superior cerebellar peduncle sends output of pons to what parts of the brainstem?

Back 41

pons

midbrain

Front 42

cochlear nuclei give rise to _

Back 42

lateral lemniscus

Front 43

trapezoid body is seen where?

is what?

Back 43

in the pons, medial to the medial lemniscus

decussating fibers of the ventral cochlear nuclei

Front 44

superior olivary nucleus

input from _

output to _

Back 44

cochlear nuclei

bilaterally to the lateral lemniscus

Front 45

lateral lemniscus

gist of function

input, output

Back 45

pontine auditory pathway

from the trapezoid body

to the nucleus of the inferior colliculus

Front 46

lateral lemniscus conducts a preponderance of

Back 46

contralateral cochlear input

Front 47

spinal lemniscus carries fibers of

__ and ___

Back 47

spinothalamic

spinotectal

tracts

Front 48

corticobulbar tract

synapses at

Back 48

motor nuclei of the CNs

except ocular motor nuclei

Front 49

pontine nuclei at the base of the pons

input

output

Back 49

corticopontine tract

middle cerebellar peduncle --> to cerebellum

Front 50

cochlear nuclei are found in what part of the brain?

Back 50

medullopontine junction

Front 51

the lateral vestibular nucleus is special because...

Back 51

it gives rise to the lateral vestibulospinal tract

Front 52

the pontine center for lateral conjugate gaze and how it works

Back 52

abducent nucleus

receives commands from contralateral frontal eye field

projects via the MLF

to the contralateral medial rectus subnucleus of CN III
---------------------
of course, it also innervates the ipsilateral lateral rectus

Front 53

cortical input to facial nucleus

Back 53

bilateral input for upper facial muscles

contralateral input for lower facial muscles

Front 54

superior salavatory nucleus fibers' ultimate destination

Back 54

pterygopalatine and submandibular ganglia

Front 55

principal sensory nucleus of CN V

gist of function

ultimate destination of its output

Back 55

discriminative tactile and pressure input from the face

VPM of thalamus

Front 56

mesencephalic nucleus

extent

Back 56

upper pons to the upper midbrain

Front 57

mesencephalic nucleus function

Back 57

input from muscle spindles and pressure receptors

(muscles of mastication and extraocular muscles)

Front 58

locus ceruleus

trivia
location
function

Back 58

melanin-containing

pons and midbrain

projects noradrenergic axons to all parts of the CNS

Front 59

5 of the most important functions of the midbrain

Back 59

auditory and visual reflexes

CN III, CN IV

vertical conjugate gaze

substantia nigra degeneration --> parkinson's

paramedian reticular formation lesion --> coma

Front 60

a lesion of ___ in the midbrain causes coma

Back 60

paramedian reticular formation

Front 61

2 big features each, seen at level of

inferior colliculus

superior colliculus

Back 61

--nucleus of inferior colliculus
--decussation of superior cerebellar peduncles

medial geniculate body
red nucleus

Front 62

midbrain tectum is _

Back 62

dorsal to the cerebral aqueduct

Front 63

nucleus of the inferior colliculus

input

output

Back 63

binaural input from the lateral lemniscus

projects to
brachium of the inferior colliculus -->
medial geniculate body

Front 64

nucleus of the inferior colliculus

basic function

Back 64

it's an auditory relay nucleus

Front 65

brachium of the inferior colliculus

input

output

what type of information does it convey

Back 65

inferior collicular nucleus

medial geniculate body

auditory

Front 66

periaqueductal gray matter at the level of the inferior colliculus contains

(4)

Back 66

mesencephalic nucleus and tract

locus ceruleus -- NE

dorsal tegmental nucleus -- enkephalin

doorsal nucleus of raphe -- serotonin

Front 67

some enkephalinergic neurons are found in the _ in the midbrain

Back 67

dorsal tegmental nucleus

Front 68

dorsal tegmental nucleus of the midbrain is at _ level and contains

Back 68

inferior colliculus

enkephalineregic neurons

Front 69

locus ceruleus is where in the brain?

Back 69

periaqueductal gray at the level of the inferior colliculus

Front 70

dorsal nucleus of raphe is where in the brain?

Back 70

periaqueductal gray at the level of the inferior colliculus

Front 71

decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncles happens where?

Back 71

level of the inferior colliculus

Front 72

substantia nigra receives _ input

projects _ output

Back 72

GABAergic from the caudatoputamen

dopaminergic to the caudatoputamen

nondopaminergic to the thalamus

Front 73

superior colliculs receives _ input

Back 73

visual input from
--retina
--frontal and occipital eye fields

auditory input from inferior colliculus to mediate audiovisual reflexes

Front 74

superior colliculus function -- it's concerned with _

Back 74

detection of movement in visual fields, thus facilitating visual orientation, searching, and tracking

Front 75

brachium of the superior colliculus

conducts _ to _

Back 75

retinal and corticotectal fibers

superior colliculus and pretectum

Front 76

oculomotor nucleus projects crossed or uncrossed fibers to the superior rectus

Back 76

crossed

Front 77

red nucleus is where in the brain?

Back 77

midbrain

at the level of the superior colliculus

Front 78

UMN lesion of corticobulbar fibers for CN VII --> sxs

LMN lesion --> sxs

example of such lesions?

Back 78

e.g. stroke involving internal capsule

contralateral weakness: lower face
sparing of upper face

- - - - - - - - - - - -
e.g. Bell's palsy
paralysis of facial muscles of both upper and lower face

Front 79

pretectal region of the midbrain is where?

Back 79

precommisural

Front 80

posterior commisure function

Back 80

interconnects pretectal nuclei

thus mediating consensual pupillary light reflexes

Front 81

pretectal nucleus

input

output

function

Back 81

retinal input -->
brachium of inferior colliculus

bilaterally to Edinger-Westphal nuclei

pupillary light reflexes

Front 82

corticobulbar innervation of CN XI

Back 82

ipsilateral to spinal nucleus of XI that supplies sternocleidomastoid

contralateral to spinal nucleus of XI that supplies trapezius