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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Extremely short-acting agent (15-20 seconds) administered IV for the control of atrioventricular (AV) nodal arrhythmias
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Adenosine (The side effects of FLUSHING and HYPOTENSION are short-lived as well, and do not limit the use of this agent)
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Long-acting class III antiarrhthmic associated with pulmonary fibrosis, thyroid dysfunction, and corneal microdeposits
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Amiodarone (This agent also blocks sodium channels such as the class IA antiarrhythmics)
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Used for the treatment of congestive heart failure, this agent contains two isomers, one with nonselective beta blocking activity and one with alpha-1 blocking activity
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Carvedilol (LABETALOL has similar properties and has four diastereomers, the RR enantiomer is a nonselective beta blocker, and the SR enantomer is an alpha-1 blocker)
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Bile acid-binding resins used in the managment of hyperlipidemia
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Cholestyramine, Colestipol (Bind bile acids, preventing enterohepatic recycling, thus diverting hepatic efforts to renew bile acids, instead of producing plasma lipids)
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These agents functions function to slow conduction velocity by slowing the rate and rise of the action potential
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Class IA Antiarrhythmica (Quinidine/Procainamide/Disopyramide) (These agents help maintain sinoatral [SA]rhythm after cardiococonversion for atrial fibllation, and may cause torsade de pointes arrhythmias. Quinidine may cause cinchonism, a type of poisoning that casues headache, vertigo, and tinnitus.)
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Function to decrease the action potential duration by shortening the repolarization phase
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Class IB Antiarrhythmics (Lidocaine/Mexileine/Tocainide/Phenytoin) (These agents are used for the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias, as well as for digitoxin-induced arrhythmias)
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Used for the treatment of refractory ventircular arrhythmias, as well as for rapid atrial arrhythmias associated with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
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Class IC Antiarrhytmics (Flecainided/Propafenone) (Function to slow conduction velocity in the atrial and ventricular cells but do not affect the action potential. They typically are used as a last resort, as their use is associated with drug-induced arrhythmias)
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These agents decrease the automaticity of the pacemaker tissue of the heart, resulting in prolonged atrioventricular (AV) conduction and slower heart rate
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Class II Antiarrhytmics (Propranolol/Esmolol) (These beta blockers decrease cAMP levels, resulting in reduced sodium and calcium currents. these agents are not to be used in cases of congestived heart failure)
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Used for the treatment of recurrent ventricular arrhythmias, many of these agents can precipitate torsade de pointe arrhythmias
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Class III Antiarrhythmics (Sotalol/Ibutilide/Bretylium/Amiodarone) (These agents prolong the action potential by blocking potassium channels.)
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Used for atrial arrhythmias and nodal re-entry, as well as hypertension and angina, these agents inhibit Ca2++ voltage channels
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Class IV Antiarrhythmics (Verapamil/Diltiaszem) (Note: nifedipine has a similar mechanism of action, but it is used only for hypertension and angina
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Centrally-acting alpha-2 agonist that reduces sympathetic autonomic nervous system outflow, resulting in decreased blood pressure
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Clonidine (a major side effect of this drug is REBOUND HYPERTENSION, in the event of ABRUPT DISCONTINUATION)
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None
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Used in the management of congestive heart failure, these drugs are reversible inhibitors of Na+/K+ ATPase
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Digitoxin Digoxin (Unlike digitoxin, digoxin is shorter-acting and excreted by the kidneys, patients with low K+, low Mg2+, high Na+, or high Ca2++ can experience arrhythmias with either agent)
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Agents that decrease triglycerides dramatically by stimulating lipoprotein lipase
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Gemfibrozil Fenofibrate Clofibrate (Clofibrate has been associated with gallstones and hepatobiliary neoplasms)
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Antihypertensive drug that blocks the release of norepinephrine by displacing it from intracellular vesicles
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Guanethidine (Side effects include serious orthostatic hypotension
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Used for the treatment of ventrcular arrhythmias, especially follwing myocardial infarction, because it works only on ischemic tissue
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Lidocaine (this class IB antiarrhthmic has little effect on ECG OF NORMAL [NONISCHEMIC] HEART TISSUE. It is given intravenously, although similar agents [mexiletine and tocainde] are given orally.)
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This alpha-2 agonist decreases adrenergic outflow from the CNS, resulting in decreased blood pressure
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Methyldopa (This drug can haptenate red blood cell proteins, resulting in an autoimmune hemolytic anemia)
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Lipid-lowering agent that causes cutaneous flushing, which can be avoided by administering concurrently with aspirin
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Niacin (Directly reduces the secretion of VLDLS from and apolipoprotein synthesis by the liver, while increasing HDLs)
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Causes an increases in cGMP within vascular smooth muscle, resulting in decreased preload to the heart and decreased blood pressure
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Nitroglycerin (Administered as a sublingual patch to decrease first-pass metabolism
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Antihyperlipidemic agent that may prevent atherosclerosis by acting as an antioxidant
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Probucol (Rarely used for the treatment of hyperlipidemia because it DECREASES HDLS AS WELL AS LDLs, may be efficacious in PREVENTING RESTENOSIS after angioplasty)
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This rarely used antihypertensive agent blocks the storage and release of catecholamines and serotonin from neurons
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Reserpine (The drug readily enters the CNS and can cause suicidal depression and Parkinsonian symptoms)
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Inhibits the rate-limiting enzyme of cholesterol synthesis, HMG-CoA reductase, resulting in dramatically decreased LDL levels
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Statins (Lovastatin/Pravastatin/Simvastatin/Atorvastatin) (May cause ELEVATED LIVER ENZYMES, MYOSITIS with INCREASED CREATINE KINASE from skeletal muscle, and, rarely, RHABDOMYOLYSIS)
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