Brs Biochem Drug

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azetasolamide

Back 1

carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, treats glaucoma

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mephenytoin

Back 2

anitepileptic drug, hyrdoxylated in the S-enantiomer

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glycoside digitalis

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inhibit Na/K pump, treat congestive heart failure

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Heparin

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glycosaminoglycan that is stored in mast cells
binds antithrombin to activate it
-used during treatment for MI and deep venous thrombosis

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bortezomib

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used to treat multiple myeloma and inhibits the proteasome

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isoniazid

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treatment of tuberculosis
fast and slow metabolizers

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physostigmine

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competative reversible inhibitor of Achesterase
-treat myasthenia gravis

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ACE inhibitors

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-(angiotensin converting enzyme)
inhibit formating of Angiotensin II

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alkylphosphate insectisides (malathion)

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-block ACHesterase

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acarbose

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-alpha-glucosidase inhibitor
-works in intestine to slow down digestion of carbohydrates to facilitate post digestive blood glucose control

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Orlistat

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anti-obesity drug that inhibits pancreatic and gastric lipase, resulting in blockage of fat absorption

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sulfonylureas

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-used in the management of type 2 diabetes
-stimulate preformed insulin releases from the pancreas

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thiazolidinediones

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-increases the cells' responsiveness to circulating insulin

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biguanides (metformin)

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-management of type 2 diabetes
-inhibit hepatic gluconeogenesis to decrease circulating glucose in post absorptive state

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Statins

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-competitive inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase, reducing serum level of cholesterol

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Ursodeoxycholate

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-used to inhibit the formation of cholesterol gallstones, decreases the content of cholesterol in bile

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cholestyramine (bile acid sequestrant)

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bind wih bile acids that are bound to LDL
-this causes fecal loss of LDL

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gemfibrozil

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-fibrate class of lipid-lowering agents
-activates lipoprotein lipase and decreases VLDLs

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Nitrates

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release NO and are used in control of blood pressure

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Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

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promote serotonin's actions and are used to treat depression

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trimethoprim

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folate analog that binds specifically to bacterial dihydrofolate reductase

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Mycophenolic acid

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rejections

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Hydroxyurea

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antineoplastic agent that inhibits Ribonucleaside diphosphate reductase
-used to treat chronic myelogenous leukemia

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Allopurinol

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inhibitor of xanthine oxidase

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Vinblastine

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microtubule depolymerizing drug

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Taxol

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microtubule polymerizing drug

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Gleevec

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treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia by binding ATP site of bcr-abl

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desferrioxamine

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iron chelator to treat iron overload

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Hydroxyurea

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induce HbF

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Opioids

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pharmacologic agents that mimic the effects of endorphins

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etoposide

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inhibits topoisomerase and is used in cancer treatment

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Quinolone Antibiotics (ciproflaxin)

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inhibit DNA gyrase and are used for infections including UTI's

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Zidovudine (AZT, ZDV)

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analog of thymidine lacking the 3'hydroxyl and inhibiting viral DNA polymerase

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Dideoxyinosine and zalcitabine

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analogs of dntps used to treat HIV

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Rifampin

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bacterial antibiotic that inhibits the beta-subunit of bacterial DNA-dependant RNA polymerase
-used to treat tuberculosis of meningitis

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Actinomycin D

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binds to GC pairs to inhibit transcription
-highly toxic but used in some pediatric cancers

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alpha-Amanitin

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-cellular toxin that binds and inhibits RNA pol II
-ingestion of the mushroom containing it results in liver toxicity and possibly death

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Streptomycin

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binds to 30S subunit of ribosome and inhibits initiation

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Tetracycline

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binds to 30S subunit of ribosome and inhibits aatRNA binding

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Synthetic retinoids

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-potent inducers of numerous embryonic genes
-isotretinoin->birth defects

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Gefitinib (Iressa)

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orally active small molecule inhibitor of EGFR tyrosine kinase used in treatment of carcinoma of the lung

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Remicade and Enbrel

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biologic agents that are used in the treatment of autoimmune disease by triggering TNF receptors, inducing cells to undergo apoptosis

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Avastin

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inhibits VEGF's and is used to treat colon cancer

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valinomycin

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makes inner mito membrane permeable to K+