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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Adverb (Traditional Definition)
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A word used to modify a verb, an adjective (manner adverb), or another adverb (degree adverb).
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Adverbs that Modify Verbs (Two Things)
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1. They answer adverb questions
2. They are movable |
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Adverb of Time
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When
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Adverb of Place
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Where
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Adverb of Manner
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How
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Adverb of Frequency
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How often
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Notional Definition of Adjectives
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A word that modifies a noun (Pronoun if Indefinite)
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Four Semantic Groups
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Nouns (Who? What? Whom?), Verbs (Do?), Adjectives, Adverbs
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Adjectives Functional Definitions
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1. A word may be an adjective if it can accept a typical adjective inflectional morpheme (-er, -est).
2. A word may be an adjective if it actually contains a typical adjective forming derivational affix. 3. A word may be an adjective if it can be preceded by a word that typically precedes an adjective (Adverb). |
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Characteristics of Adjectives
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Limiting: limits range, Descriptive
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Degree (For Adjectives)
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Positive, Comparative, Superlative, Absolute
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Single Phrase Clause
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Participle, Preposition, Infinitive
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Adjective Clauses
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Relative Clauses: With or without a relative pronoun present
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Position (Adjectives)
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Prenominal, Predicative, Postposed
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Attributive Only (Usually means a prenominal position)
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-Law of excluded middle
-Main, principal, former -Atomic, late (dead) -Sulphuric, Hydrochloric, etc. |
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"A" Adjectives
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-Ablaze, aghast, afraid, alone
-Awake, aware |
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Adjective (Semantic) Questions
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What kind? Which? Whose? How much (volume)? How many (quantity)?
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Adverb Functional Definitions
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1. A word may be an adverb if it can accept an adverb inflectional morpheme (-er/-est).
2. A word may be an adverb if it actually contains a typical adverbial ending (-ly)/typical adverb forming derivational affix. 3. A word may be an adverb if can be preceded by a word that actually precedes an adverb (almost always a degree adverb). |
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Traditionally __ classes of adverbs
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22
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Adverb (Semantic) Questions
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When (time)? Where (location)? Why (reason)? How (process)? Under what circumstances? To what degree?
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Negation
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Term and Predicate
--Predicate: negate entire proposition (I hardly ever do this..., I don't..., I rarely...) |
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Sentential Adverbs
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Modifies the entire sentence ("Certainly," "Assuredly," "Admittedly")
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Persuasive Device
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to move audience to opinion.
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Time vs. Place
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Whichever is last is more important.
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Preposition
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joins a nounphrase and modifiers to another word in the sentence.
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Types(?) of Prepositions
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1. Agentive: by
2. Genitive: of 3. Instrumental: with 4. Locative: location 5. Motion: towards |
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Conjunction Subclasses (2)
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Coordinate (joins things equally), Subordinate (joins things unequally; introduces adverb clauses)
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Coordinate Subclasses (3)
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1. Simple (and, an, but(antithesis with a contrast), (so-be careful; various functions))
2. Correlative (not only/but also, both/and, not both/and, whether/or) 3. Conjunctive Adverb (Signaling relationships/sets up equals) (however, therefore, nevertheless, consequently). |
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10/20 Adverb Conditions/Subordinate Conjunctions
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TEMP(2)R(2)C(3)
T=Time ("When the sun went down.") E=Evidence M=Manner P1=Purpose P2=Place R1=Reason R2=Result C1=Condition (so that) C2=Concession (even though) C3=Comparison --You can't delete a subordinate conjunction no matter what because you can't get it back. |
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Interjections
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Handled like absolutes, express attitude, no relationships or real connection
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List Some Subordinate Conjunctions
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So that, even though, unless, whereas, since, supposing
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