Brock Microorganism Chpt 2

Front 1

Archea

Back 1

one of two known domains of prokaryotes, compare with Bacteria

Front 2

Autotroph

Back 2

an organism able to grwo with C1 compounds as its sole carbon source

Front 3

Bacteria

Back 3

one of two known domains of prokaryotes, compare with Archea

Front 4

Cell Wall

Back 4

a rigid layer present outside the cytoplamic membrane; confers structural strength to the cell and protection from osmotic lysis

Front 5

Chemolithotroph

Back 5

and organism that obtains its energy from oxidation of inorganic compounds

Front 6

Chemoorganotroph

Back 6

an organism that obtains its energy from the oxidation of organic compounds

Front 7

Cyanobacteria

Back 7

prokaryotic oxygenic phototrophs

Front 8

Chromosome

Back 8

a genetic element containing genes essential to cell function

Front 9

Cytoplasm

Back 9

the aqueous internal portion of a cell, bounded by the cytoplasmic membrane

Front 10

Cytoplasmic Membrane

Back 10

the cell's permeability barrier to the environment; encloses the cytoplasm

Front 11

Domain

Back 11

the highest level of biological classification

Front 12

Endosymbiosis

Back 12

the theory that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from Bacteria

Front 13

Eukarya

Back 13

the domain of life that includes all eukaryotic cells

Front 14

Eukaryote

Back 14

a cell having a membrane-enclosed nucleus and usually other membrane enclosed organelles

Front 15

Evolution

Back 15

change in a line of descent over time leading to new species or varieties within a species

Front 16

Extremophile

Back 16

an organism that grows optimally under one or more environmental extremes

Front 17

Gram Stain

Back 17

a differential staining technique in which bacterial cells stain either pink

Front 18

Brightfield Microscopy

Back 18

______, the most common form of microscopy, employs a microscope with a series of lenses to magnify and resolve the image.

Front 19

Contrast; stains ; contrast; dark field

Back 19

an inherent limitaition of bright-field microscopy is the lack of ______ between cells and their surroundings. This problem can be overcome by the use of ____ or by alternative forms of light microscopy, such as _____ or ______.

Front 20

Differential interference contrast; confocal scanning laser

Back 20

_____ and ____ allow enhanced 3-D imaging or imaging through thick specimens.

Front 21

Atomic Force Microscope

Back 21

the ____ gives a very detailed 3-D image of live prepartions

Front 22

Resolving Power

Back 22

Electron microscopes have far greater ___ ____ than light microscopes do.

Front 23

Transmission; Scanning

Back 23

The two major forms of electron microscopy are ______, used primarily to observe internal cell structure, and _____ , used to examine the surface of specimens.

Front 24

Proteobacteria

Back 24

are the largest group of Bacteria and contain many well known bacteria, including E. coli.

Front 25

Euryachaeota; Crenarchaeota; Extremeophiles

Back 25

Two major phyla of Archaea are known as the _______ and the _____, and the most cultured representitives are _____

Front 26

Lichens

Back 26

Some algae and fungi have developed mutualistic associations called _____