Brock Microbiology Chapter Five

Front 1

Metabolism

Back 1

Coordination of chemical reactions whereby molecules are organized into specific structures

Front 2

Catabolic

Back 2

energy releasing reactions

Front 3

Anabolic

Back 3

energy requiring reactions

Front 4

Name 7 Micronutrients

Back 4

1) Chromium

2) Copper

3) Selenium

4) Zinc

5) Vanadium

6) Boron

7) Iron

Front 5

Name 7 Macronutrients

Back 5

1) Carbon

2) Nitrogen

3) Oxygen

4) Hydrogen

5) Sulfur

6) Phosphorous

7) Manganese

Front 6

Chemically Defined Culture Media

Back 6

prepared by adding precise amounts of organic or inorganic chemicals to distilled H20

Front 7

Undefined complex culture media

Back 7

employs digests of nutritious yet chemically undefined substances

Front 8

Selective Media

Back 8

contains compounds that selectively inhibit the growth of certain microbes

Front 9

Differential Media

Back 9

contains an indicator that allows for differentiation of particular chemical reactions during growth

Front 10

How do you go about making a laboratory culture of microbes?

Back 10

1) Culture medium must first be prepared and sterilized

2) Culture medium may be liquid (broth) or solid (gel form with agar)

3) Innoculate with chosen microbe culture (pure culture)

4) Pure culture contain only a single kind of organism

5) Incubate under proper conditions (typically at 37 deg. celsius)

Front 11

Energy

Back 11

the capacity to do work

Front 12

Free Energy (G)

Back 12

the energy released that is available to do useful work

Front 13

Exergonic Reactions

Back 13

release energy (negative deltaG)

Front 14

Endergonic Reactions

Back 14

requires energy (postive deltaG)

Front 15

What two things does a catalyst do?

Back 15

1) lowers the energy of activation of a reaction

2) increases the rate of reaction

Front 16

Enzymes increase the rate of reaction by how many times?

Back 16

10^8 to 10^20

Front 17

Prosthetic Groups

Back 17

covalenty bonded very tightly to enzymes permanently

Front 18

Coenzymes

Back 18

loosely bound to enzymes; may be associated with more than one type of enzyme (NAD+/NADH)

Front 19

Cellulase

Back 19

enzyme that break down cellulose

Front 20

Glucose Oxidase

Back 20

catalyzes the oxidation fo glucose

Front 21

Ribonuclease

Back 21

decomposes nucleic acid

Front 22

What is the primary electron donor?

Back 22

NAD+/NADH

Front 23

What is the terminal electron acceptor?

Back 23

O2

Front 24

What are two mechanisms for energy conservation known in chemoorganotrophs?

Back 24

1) Fermentation

2) Respiration

Front 25

Pyruvate

Back 25

The end product of glycolysis

Front 26

Which two roles does the Citric Acid Cycle play?

Back 26

1) Bioenergetic

2) Biosynthetic

Front 27

Bioenergetic

Back 27

Produces NADH and FADH for use in electron transport chain

Front 28

Biosynthetic

Back 28

produces compounds that are used in the synthesis of other important biomolecules

Front 29

Substrate Level phosphortylation

Back 29

an inorganic phosphate group gets added to an intermediate in the biochemical pathway and eventually gets transferred from ADP to for ATP

Front 30

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Back 30

cytoplasmic membrane energized by the proton motive force dissipates energy that allows ADP and PO4 to form ATP

Front 31

What three classes of protein electron carriers does aerobic respiration use?

Back 31

NADH dehydrogenases (accept 2e- or 2H+)

Flavoproteins (accept 2e- or 2H+)

Cytochromes (accept single e-)

Front 32

Quiniones

Back 32

another type of e- carrier that are non-protein

accept 2e- or 2H+

Front 33

Proton Motive Force

Back 33

When e- are transported through the e- transport chain, protons are extruded to the outside of the membrane

Front 34

ATP Synthase (ATPase)

Back 34

large membrane enzyme catalyst complex that is responsible for the conversion of the proton motive force (pmf) into the production of ATP

Front 35

ATPase catalyzed ATP synthesis is referred to as what in respiratory systems?

Back 35

oxidative phosphorylation

Front 36

ATPase catalyzed ATP synthesis is referred to as what in phototropic systems?

Back 36

Photo-phosphorylation

Front 37

What is the primary difference between anaerobic and aerobic respiration?

Back 37

Anaerobic respiration uses e- acceptors other than O2, such as NO3-, Fe3+, SO42-, and CO32-

Front 38

Photoautotrophy

Back 38

Use light as an energy source in the process of photosynthesis