Brock Biology Of Microorganisms Chapter Three

Front 1

Proteins

Back 1

polymers of monomers called amino acids

Front 2

Nucleic Acids

Back 2

polymers of nucleotides that form DNA and RNA

Front 3

Lipids

Back 3

hydrophobic and hydrophillic properties

Front 4

Polysaccharides

Back 4

polymers of sugars present in cell walls

Front 5

Molecule

Back 5

consists of two or more atoms chemically bonded to one another

Front 6

Covalent bond

Back 6

bond between atoms formed by a shared pair of electrons

Front 7

Hydrogen bond

Back 7

weak bond formed between hydrogen atoms and electronegative elements like oxygen or nitrogen

Front 8

Glycosidic Bonds

Back 8

Hold together monomers that make up polysaccharides

Front 9

Complex Polysaccharides

Back 9

When polysaccharides combine with other macromolecules such as proteins and lipids

Front 10

List Three weak bonds and their properties

Back 10

1) Van der walls forces (attraction at close range)

2) Ionic bonds (electrostatic in nature)

3) Hydrophobic interactions (tight association in polar regions)

Front 11

Five most important elements in making up macromolecules and organic compounds

Back 11

1) Carbon

2) Hydrogen

3) Oxygen

4) Nitrogen

5) Sulfur

Front 12

Three properties of water

Back 12

1) Excellent Solvent

2) Polar compound

3) Outstanding cohesiveness

Front 13

Amphiphatic

Back 13

Possess both hydrophobic and hydrophillic properities, as in lipids

Front 14

Simple Lipids

Back 14

consist of only the fatty acid chain(s) bonded to the glycerol molecule (ex. Triglyceride)

Front 15

Complex Lipids

Back 15

contain additional elements such as nitrogen and sulfur attached to glycerol component

Front 16

Nucleotides

Back 16

monomers of nucleic acids

Front 17

Examples of Polynucleotides

Back 17

DNA (Double Stranded), RNA (single Stranded)

Front 18

Three components of Nucleotide

Back 18

1) 5-carbon sugar

2) Nitrogen base (attached to C1 carbon via glycosidic bond)

3) molecule of phosphate (PO4) (attached to C5 carbon)

Front 19

Structurally how does DNA differ from RNA?

Back 19

DNA has an H attached to the C2 carbon, while RNA has an OH

Front 20

Phosphodiester bond

Back 20

links C5 carbon phophate group to C3 carbon of another nucleotide

Front 21

Five components of an Amino Acid

Back 21

1) Central alpha carbon

2) Carboxyl (COOH) group

3) Amino (NH2) group

4) R or functional group

5) Hydrogen attached to C

Front 22

Peptide bonds

Back 22

link together amino acids

carboxyl carbon of one amino acid is bound to the amino nitrogen of another amino acid

Front 23

Functional Groups

Back 23

give amino acids their distinct properties

provide a means for cells to produce large number of diverse, unique proteins

Front 24

Primary Structure

Back 24

linear chain of amino acids covalently bonded to one another

Front 25

Secondary Structure

Back 25

involves interaction between the R groups of the amino acids in the polypeptide or atoms in the peptide bonds

involves hydrogen bonding to a large degree

Front 26

Tertiary Structure

Back 26

involves folding of the molecule and formation of exposed regions

Front 27

Quaternary Structure

Back 27

Seen in proteins that consist of two or more polypeptide chains

Front 28

Denaturation

Back 28

is the destruction of the protein's higher order structure

can be a way of destroying microbes