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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Fourteener
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A verse form consisting of fourteen syllables arranged in iambs. It's most commonly used in couplets of iambic heptameter.
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Blank Verse
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Unrhymed but otherwise regular verse. Usually iambic pentameter.
Used for dramatic verse and usually longer works like epics. The freedom gained through the lack of rhyme is offset by the demands of variety. |
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Heroic Couplet
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Iambic pentameter lines rhymed in pairs.
(For the most part abandoned by Romantic era poets.) |
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Imagination/Poetic Genius
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According to Romantics the imagination is the unifying of the mental powers that enable the poet to see such relationships as the identity of truth and beauty. - Harmon
Our period revered the human creative instinct; for our writers various terms described this spirit—poetic genius, imagination, inspiration, the ideal. Such artistic sensibilities could not be learned at school or demanded petulantly; the poets had to wait on the ancient Muse or the archaic Bard to reveal to them from the eternities what they were to write. By this you should not infer that the romantics never edited their poetry once they wrote it down—to the contrary. But when they did edit, the same “celestial” voice helped them edit. - text |
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Laudanum
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Mixture of opium and alcohol
(Coleridge was an addict as well as other Romantic writers.) |
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Lyric
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A brief subjective poem strongly marked by imagination, melody, and emotion and creating a single, unified impression.
Used heavily by Romantic poets, esp. in odes. |
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Ballad
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A form of verse to be sung or recited and characterized by its presentation of an exciting episode in narrative or dramatic form.
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Sonnet
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A poem almost invariably of fourteen lines and following one of several set rhyme schemes. Usually written in iambic pentameter. The Petrarchan/Italian is an octave and a sestet. The Shakespearean/English has 3 quatrains and 1 couplet.
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Narrative
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An account of events; anything that is narrated.
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Epic
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A long narrative poem in elevated style presenting characters of high position in adventures, forming an organic whole through their relation to a central heroic figure and through their development of episodes important to the history of a nation or race.
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Revolution
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The Romantics were serious about revolution. The revolution did not have to be physical or violent, but getting rid of the tyranny of false belief systems and corrupt governments was part of the agenda. However, the romantics believed the overthrow of one’s own misconceptions and prejudices was at least as important as the outward, physical rebellion. This romantic attitude directly reflects the emergence of the middle class and the struggles for individual rights and freedoms.
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Evolution/Mutability
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The British romantics believed in the necessity of change: It was called by many names, such as evolution, progression, or mutability. It was not always to be viewed as pleasant or easy, but it was in all cases considered necessary and essential—in fact, nothing good could come of anything without such a phenomenon.
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Pantisocracy
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the utopian community experiment plan concocted by Coleridge and Southey. It fell through but Coleridge got stuck with Southey's sister-in-law as his wife.
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*Epic Simile
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A long simile just for show which often begins with the word "as" in the first clause but begins with "so" in the second clause.
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*Epic Battle
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A real conflict that decides destiny; Wordsworth's use of it may be mock-serious for childlike or even humorous effect.
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*Miltonic Inversion
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Putting words out of syntactic order to achieve a particular rhythm or emphasis in a poem; named after John Milton who such techniques extensively employed.
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Epic Subject
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The subject of an epic. Usually a historical, mythical, or religious event or figure.
(Own research. Text insufficient) |
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Incubus
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A male demon believed to have sexual intercourse with sleeping women.
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Succubus
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A female demon believed to have sexual intercourse with sleeping men.
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Engraving ("Infernal Method")
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In 1788 William Blake invented a method of relief etching that he called ‘illuminated printing’. This made it possible to print both the text of his poems and the images that he created to illustrate them from the same copper plate in an engraver’s rolling press. He used corrosive acids on copper to create a plate for printing. He then would color the plates, if he chose to, using watercolors. He had to etch his designs and poems backwards. His wife Catherine's work is indistinguishable from his.
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Bard
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1. The poets had to wait on the ancient Muse or the archaic Bard to reveal to them from the eternities what they were to write.
2. Poets are also called bards. (Ex. Bracy the Bard in "Christabel") |
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Emergence of the Middle Class
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Before the English Revolution, the middle class rose to prominence. Many were Puritan businessmen. They maintained and increased in power throughout the Romantic era.
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Artist as Hero
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Many poets saw/made the artist to be a hero. Consider Milton's "Lycidas" or Wordsworth's "Prelude." Furthermore, they also considered themselves prophets.
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Re-visioning (recollection in tranquility)
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Memory could take everyday events and reshape/enhance them. (Ex. Wordsworth "Daffodils")
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Mutability
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The necessity (and the inevitability) of change in everything, both in Mother Nature and human nature.
(in the lesson on Wordsworth) |
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Poetic Genius
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Our period revered the human creative instinct; for our writers various terms described this spirit—poetic genius, imagination, inspiration, the ideal. Such artistic sensibilities could not be learned at school or demanded petulantly; the poets had to wait on the ancient Muse or the archaic Bard to reveal to them from the eternities what they were to write. By this you should not infer that the romantics never edited their poetry once they wrote it down—to the contrary. But when they did edit, the same “celestial” voice helped them edit. - text
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1776
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Declaration of Independence, American Revolution
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1789
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Fall of Bastille, French Revolution
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1793
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Reign of Terror ("people government")
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1794
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Blake's engraved "Songs of Innocence and Experience"
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1798
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Coleridge's great poetic year; Lyrical Ballads appear
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