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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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How Close was Britain to a Revolution 1790? |
•Black Lamp Conspiracy 1800 •Desparad Conspiracy •Radical Elements(Corresponding Societes) •Unrest In Ireland •French War Invasion at Pembroke •Navy Mutinied at Spithead and Nore 1797 |
What was making it close? |
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Explain why there was growth for Parliamentary Reform 1780-90? |
•American War Of Independence along with India Bill and Unrest in Ireland (weakness) •Economic Distress •Radicals (Wilkes) •French Revolution (fear) •William Pitt (sympathy for reform) |
How strong are the government? |
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Impact Of The French Revolution? |
•Fear of Uprising •Radical 'Jacobin' Movements •Fear Became Widespread |
What effects on the people? |
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Reign of Terror? |
•Home Office Expanded •Alien Section •Two Acts Seditious Meetings Treasonable and Seditious Practices •1794 Habeas Corpus Suspended •Conservative Propaganda (Sun, Oracle, True Briton) |
How much removed? |
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Pitt and Catholic Emancipation |
•Mob of 50,000 marched led by Lord George Gordon to protest against Romania Catholic Relief Act •Gordon Riots attacked Catholic Houses nearly 300 dead •Irish man Wolf Tonne began to support the french resulting in army appraisals •Pitt knew action was needed •King George III remained loyal to English Church and refused Catholic Emancipation •1801 Pitt Resigns |
George should know this |
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Reasons Why the State Survived Revolution 1790 |
•Bulk of population loyal to king •'Church and King' clubs with people such as John Reeves attacked radicals eg Birmingham Riots •Corresponding Societes could not coordinate themselves as they were spread out across country •'Volunteers' spread loyalist propaganda with numbers growing to 400,000 by 1804 •Economy was improving through Industrial Revolution •Radicals all wanted different things and supported different people eg Pitt or Fox |
You can't break a loyal country |
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Post War Discontent - Agricultural and Industrial |
•Enclosure speeded up causing severe hardship in rural areas along with the growing population •Speenhamland System varied depending on price of bread and size of workers family •New Machinery Took many jobs •Growth of towns made living conditions appalling and low wages |
Technology and Industry |
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Post War Discontent - After effects of war |
•Corn could be imported again making prices fall to 52s 6d •Armaments no longer being purchased(50m orders lost) •British exports fell by 30% •Unable to re-gain pre war markets •Reduction in coal demand with half of blast furnaces shutting down •Third of a million men discharged from army |
Markets a mess! |
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Post War Discontent - Government Policies |
•Combination Acts 1799 banned Trade Unions •Corn Laws 1815 meant no foreign what imported until corn with 80s a quarter •Income Tax attempted to find solution for 32m government debt |
Made a bad situation worse |
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Examples Of Post War Discontent |
•Littleport and Ely Riots 1816 •Luddite Riots 1816 •Spa Fields Riots 1816 •Shots Fired at Prince Regent 1817 •March of Blanketeers 1817 •Derbyshire/Pentrich Rising 1817 •Radicals (William Cobbett) •Peterloo Massacre 1819 •Cato.St Conspiracy 1820 |
Massacres and Blankets |
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How Close was Britain to a Revolution 1815-20? |
•Radicals wanted reform not revolution •Army + Upper Class loyal to King •Radical groups small and spread out •Discipline through Religion •Nobody ready to take place of Parliament |
Who was going to take over? |
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Why did Post War Discontent come to an end? |
•Government Repression effective •Economy Improving more jobs and new markets improving general living standards •Queen Caroline Divorce Affair •Minor Reforms - Factory Act 1819(Robert Peel Senior), Truck Act 1820 |
Distracted? |
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Key Features of Repression under Liverpool |
•Reliant on spies + informants •Habeas Corpus Suspended 1817 •'Six Acts' 1819 |
Same old tactics |
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Impact of Catholic Emancipation 1828 |
•Repeal of the Test and Corporation Acts 1828 prevented non-anglicans holding jobs(excluded Catholics) •Irish Parliament abolished and granted 100 Westminster MPS following the Act Of Union 1800 •90% Irish population Catholic yet no Catholic could enter parliament •Tories feared a civil war •Irish Catholic O'Connell elected as MP •Wellington knew he needed to pass Act •Act passed through Lords •After several attempts George IV signed act 1829
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This is complicated |
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Enlightened Tories 1820 |
•Younger men with enlightened reformist views •Sir Robert Peel Junior Home Secretary •W.J Robinson Chancellor of Exchequer •William Huskinson President of board of trade and leader of House Of Commons •Ignored health, education and poverty •Factory and truck act already passed before them |
Roles |
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William Huskinson and Free Trade |
•Reduction of import duties on raw materials. Manufactured goods from 50% to 20% •Reciprocity Duties Act 1823 free entry to agreed country's ships •Corn Law 1815 modified by sliding scale if wheat was worth over 73s a quarter as it fell duty increased •Trade restrictions on British colonies reducing duties on goods |
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Repeal of Combination Acts 1824 |
•Meant Trade Unions were allowed •Strongly supported by radicals such as Francis Place and Joseph Hume •Waves of strikes+Riots took place •Ammendment act 1825 •Negotiations could take place as long as no obstruction or molesting |
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Sir Robert Peel - Law and Order Reform |
•Considered arguments by Romiley, Mackintosh and Elizabeth Fry •Simplified statue law (death) •Penal Code Reform - death penalty abolished for 180 crimes death decision on judge •Jails Act 1823 - Elizabeth Fry persuaded improvement of prison conditions, women prisoners by womenn jailers and education and doctors visits (only applied to London and 17 other Cities) •Metropolitan Police Act 1829 - established a police force replacing bow street runners and night watchmen with 100 constables later growing to 3000 |
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Six Acts |
•Seditious Meetings Prevention •Seizure of Arms •Blasphemous and Seditious Libels •Training Prevention •Newspapers and stamp duties •Misdemeanours Act |
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Great Reform Act - Counties? |
•Each Country elected 2MPs regardless of size •Wales+Scotland only elect 1MP •Owners of land worth 40 shillings a year could vote |
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Great Reform Act - Boroughs |
•Liverpool had 5000 members whereas Old Sarum had 5 (both elected 2MPs) •Corruption |
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Great Reform Act - Voting Qualifications |
•Freeman - those awarded freedom of the city •Burgage - those who owned small plots of land •Scot+Lot - male householders who paid local rates •Pot walloper - owned a house, fireplace+ pot to boil •Corporation - members of a corporation or town council |
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Demand for Parliamentary Reform 1830-32 |
•Middle Class growing in economic prosperity lacked political power •Unpopular legislation such as Corn Laws heavily against consumer •Many not allowed to vote because of boroughs |
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Reasons For Change in Government 1830 |
•Collapse of Tory Government 1830 •Death of George IV •Political Alliance middle + working class •Revival of the Whigs •Fall of Charles X in France 1830 |
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May Days Crisis 1832 |
•Grey resigned 1832 as Bill defeated •Duke of Wellington attempts to make Tory Government •Thomas Atwood leads mass demonstrations against Wellington • King realises situation •Asks Grey to firm Government four days later • 7th June 1832 Bill receives Royal Approval |
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Why was the Great Reform Act passed 1832? |
•Fall of Charles X in French Rev •Tory Lords had to give way •Death of George IV •Revival of the Whigs •Working and Middle Class alliance |
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Was Britain on the brink of revolution 1830-32? - Case For |
•May Days Crisis 1832 went against public (Riots spread from capital Nd large scale incidents occurred in Derby and Nottingham) •Anglican Bishops voted against Bill (they then came under attack) •Defeat of second bill even after election (destruction of threshing machines+corn burning) •Lords out of touch with what people wanted(Bristol 29th October serious mob attack city centre) |
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Was Britain on the brink of revolution 1839-32? - Case Against |
•Whig Determination to proceed even with public opposition to Tories and King •Third Bill started to gain momentum •Violence resulted in breakdown of working+middle class alliance |
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