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42 Cards in this Set

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Salbutamol

Salbutamol

Short lasting (4-6hrs) B2 agonist


Relax broncho smooth muscle


Increase Ciliary clearance


Inhibit mast cell release



SE: tachycardia, tremor


Terbutaline

Terbutaline

Short lasting (4-6hrs) B2 agonist


Relax broncho smooth muscle


Increase Ciliary clearance


Inhibit mast cell release



SE: tachycardia, tremor

Salmeterol

Salmeterol

Long lasting (8-12hrs) B2 agonist


Relax broncho smooth muscle


Increase Ciliary clearance


Inhibit mast cell release



SE: tachycardia, tremor

Ipratropium

Ipratropium

Non-selective Muscarinic receptor ANTAGONIST



Relax smooth muscle, inhibit mucus secretion

Theophylline
Aminophylline
Caffiene

Theophylline


Aminophylline


Caffiene


Methylaxines



Relax smooth muscle, inhibit mucus secretion, inflammatory


Oral administration but In status asthmatics give IV



BEWARE low therapeutic index. Take care with liver/cardiac failure. Interacts with P450


Beclometasone

Beclometasone


Inhaled glucocorticoids


Help relieve asthma as needed

Budesonide

Budesonide


Inhaled glucocorticoids


Help relieve asthma as needed

Fluticasone


Fluticasone

Inhaled glucocorticoids


Help relieve asthma as needed

Prednisolone

Prednisolone

Glucocorticoid to use in more severe asthma

Hydrocortisone

Hydrocortisone

Glucocorticoid used in severe asthmaticus

Cromoglicate
Nedocromil

Cromoglicate


Nedocromil

Mast cell stabilisers


Inhibit mast cell degradation in early and late phases of attack

MonteluKAST
ZafiluKAST

MonteluKAST


ZafiluKAST

Leukotriene receptor antagonists



Add to corticosteroids in severe asthma

Cocaine

Cocaine

Sympathomimetic


Vasoconstrictor


Surface anaesthesia only; CNS effects!


Procaine

Procaine

Infiltration anaesthesia only


Poor tissue penetration

Lidocaine

Lidocaine

(lignocaine)


For most applications!


Surface, infiltration, block, IV anaesthesia



Duration=45 mins



Also used to treat vent.arrythmia (remember 1B)

Articaine

Articaine

LA in dentistry

Mepivacaine 

Mepivacaine

LA in dentistry


Intra-articular anaesthesia as less tissue irritation

Bupivacaine

Bupivacaine

Infiltration


Block


Epidural


8hr duration!



SE: Cardiac toxicity

Prilocaine

Prilocaine

Surface (in EMLA)


Epidural


Nerve block


IV anaesthesia



Low toxicity

Benzocaine

Benzocaine

Uncharged (No pKa)


only surface anaesthesia

LA mnemonic 

LA mnemonic

Caz poked Loz and made Bonnie poke back


Cocaine


Procaine


Lidocane


Articane


Mepivacaine


Bupivacaine


Prilocaine


Benzocaine

Warfarin

Warfarin

Anticoagulant



Targets Vit K Reductase


(no conversion of glutamic acid to y-carboxyglutamic acid)


Heparin 

Heparin

Anticoagulant


Heparin/Calciparin/Minihep/Monoparin



Activate antithrombin III


Acts on platelet factor 4 and 10

LMW heparin 

LMW heparin

Anticoagulant


Certoparin/Dalteparin/Enoxaparin



Activate antithrombin III



Acts on factor 10 only



Hirudin 

Hirudin

Anticoagulant


Antithrombin III indépendant anticoagulant



From leeeeeeches


Inhibits thrombin by binding to its active site!

Hirugen 

Hirugen

Anticoagulant


Antithrombin III indépendant anticoagulant



Derivative of Hirudin (synthetic peptide)

Bivalirudin

Bivalirudin

Anticoagulant


Antithrombin III indépendant anticoagulant



Derivative of Hirugen



Fewer bleeding problems


Good in patients with heparin antibody resistance

Types of anti platelet drug

Types of anti platelet drug

Aspirin



ADP Receptor antagonists (Irrev. or Rev)



IIb/IIIa R antagonists



Fibrinolytics

Aspirin

Aspirin

Anti-platelet



Alters balance of TxA2 and PGI2


TxA2, which activates platelet, is decreased


PGI2, which deactivates P, is increased


Irreversibly Inactivates cyclooxygenase

Dose of aspirin


 

Dose of aspirin


180mg/day= Prevents ministroke



335mg/day= Reduce risk of Heart attack



>1000mg/day= Ineffective


due to great inhibition of endothelial COX

ADP receptor antagonists

ADP receptor antagonists

Irreversible:


Ticlopidine


Clopidogrel


Prasugrel



Reversible:


Ticagrelor

Ticlopidine

Ticlopidine

Anti-platelet



Irreversible ADP receptor antagonist (P2Y12 purinergic)



Reduces stroke



SE: rash and diarrhoea, neuropenia limit use


Clopidogrel 

Clopidogrel

Anti-platelet


Irreversible ADP receptor antagonist



Decrease stroke, myocardial infarct, and vascular death


Prodrug-administered orally



Sedative if used with aspirin


Prasugrel

Prasugrel

Anti-platelet


Irreversible ADP receptor antagonist



More efficacious than clopidogrel so increased risk of bleeding

Ticagrelor

Ticagrelor

Anti-platelet


reversible ADP receptor antagonist



Treat strokes

Abciximab


Tirifiban 

Abciximab


Tirifiban

Antiplatelet


IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists



IV high risk coronary patients


Platelet function recovered in days

Tirofiban


Eptifibatide

Tirofiban


Eptifibatide

Antiplatelet


IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists



Resemble IIb and IIIC ligands!


IV


Platelet function recovered in hours

Epoprostenol

Epoprostenol

Antiplatelet


Prostaglandin agonist

Dipyridamole 

Dipyridamole

Antiplatelet


Phosphodiesterase inhibitor


Increase platelet cAMP levels


Used in conjunction with aspirin

Fibrinolytics

Fibrinolytics

Streptokinase


Recombinant tPA alteplase/duteplase/reteplase


Streptokinase

Streptokinase

Fibrinolytic- Anti platelet


Action blocked by anti streptococcal antibodies after 4 days, and must wait 1 year before reuse

Alteplase


Duteplase


Reteplase

Alteplase


Duteplase


Reteplase

Fibrinolytic- Anti platelet


Clot specific: more active at fibrin bound plasminogen


Alteplase,duteplase= short 1/2life (IV infusion)


Reteplase= longer (Iv bolus)



In acute Myo.infarct, acute thrombotic stroke, clearing thromboses shunts/cannulae, acute arterial thromboembolism