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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What muscles does the breast overlie?
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Pectoralis Major and Serratus Anterior
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What is Cooper's Ligament?
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Connects breast tissue to skin and pectoralis fascia
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What tissues is the breast made of and what are their functions?
What is the change in breast tissue with age? |
Adipose
Fibrous Glandular - lobes radiate around nipple and drain into lactiferous ducts at nipple Fully developed, pre-menopausal breasts: mostly glandular and fibrous connective tissue, less adipose Postmenopausal Women - mostly adipose tissue (glandular tissue has receded) |
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How long does breast maturation take?
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~ 3 years (can take as long as 6 years)
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What are the stages of breast development CALLED?
What are they? |
TANNER'S SEX MATURITY RATING:
stage 1 - breast buds; nipple elevated only stage 2 - continued breast budding; small mound of breast/nipple elevation stage 3 - further enlargement and elevation of breast and areola stage 4 - projection of areola and nipple to form secondary mound stage 5 - projection of nipple only; areola has receded |
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What are the hormonal breast tissue changes the week before menses?
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breast glandular tissue becomes enlarged; firmer
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What are the borders of breast tissue?
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Sup: clavicle
Lat: mid-axillary line Med: edge of sternum Ing: inframammary ridge (6th rib) |
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What is the Tail of Spence?
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Projection of breast tissue into axilla
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What part of your hand should be used to palpate the breast?
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Palmar aspect of the distal index, third and fourth digit
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What positions should the patient assume for visual inspection breast exam?
How effective is the visual breast exam? |
Arms at side; arms above head; arms at 90 degree angle forward; hands on hips
**No data to support that visual inspection increases lump detection rate |
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What are the 3 methods of palpation? Which does Dr. Berg recommend??
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- Concentric circles
- Spokes of wheel - Vertical strip!!!!! **Best *Don't forget axilla exam! |
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What is peau d'orange?
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skin dimpling- seen in late stages of breast cancer bc the tumor involves Cooper's Ligament
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Is nipple retraction normal or malignant?
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Inverted nipple normal in 10% population -- ask if it's always been that way!
If recent onset or progressive, could be related to tumor |
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Describe Eczema on the breast.
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Erythematous scaly rash - unilateral or bilateral - involving areolar and skin
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What is Paget's Disease and how does it manifest?
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=Subareolar Duct Carcinoma (beneath the nipple)
- Manifests as persistent, UNILATERAL, erythematous scaling rash - COFINED TO AREOLA (not to skin) |
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What is Mastitis and how does it manifest?
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= inflammation of a mammary gland
Erythematous rash, indurated, warm, tender |
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Describe a cancerous breast mass.
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Hard
Fixed Irregular consistency With enlarged lymph nodes and nipple discharge |
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Describe a breast abscess.
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Fluctuant
Tender Warm Usually with mastitis |
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Describe a breast cyst.
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Soft
Fluctuant Movable Well-demarcated Minimally tender |
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Describe a fibroadenoma.
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Movable
Well-demarcated Non-tender |
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What is Galactorrhea? Cause?
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Bilateral, whitish discharge - no palpable lesion
Pregnancy is most common cause |
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How does an Intraductal Papilloma manifest?
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Manifests with serosanguinous discharge and concurrent nontender, small, subareolar nodule
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How does Ductal Ectasia manifest?
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= When lactiferous duct becomes blocked or clogged
Manifests with multicolored discharge - bilateral or unilateral |
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What type of nipple discharge occurs in breast cancer?
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Spontaneous
Unilateral Bloody With our without a palpable lesious |
