Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
risk factors for breast cancer
|
early menarche
late menopause nuligravida/1st after 30 hormone replacement w/ EtOH use |
|
when should high risk pt start screening with mammography
|
10 yrs before relative dx or 25
|
|
when to start mammography on hodgkins pt.
|
8 years after tx
|
|
sensitivity of mammograms
|
75-90%
|
|
solid rubbery mass
|
fibroadenoma
|
|
most common breast mass
|
benign cyst
|
|
where are most breast cancers found
|
upper lateral quadrant
|
|
biopsy guided by video
|
stereotactic biopsies
|
|
example of a prognostic factor
|
lymph node (gives info on clinical outcomes, independent of therapy)
|
|
negative estrogen/progesterone receptors are assx with what prognosis
|
poor
|
|
what is the gail model
|
prediction of first breast cancer
|
|
low levels of what vitamin can lead to increased risk of breast cancer
|
vitamin E
|
|
aggresive genetic form of breast cancer
|
HER2/neu
|
|
high risk women that start mammograms early
|
family hx (start 10 yr after dx)
hx of hodgkins (start 8 yr after tx) |
|
large or small breasts have better sensitivity with mammogram
|
small
|
|
rubbery mass in breast
|
fibroadenoma
|
|
nontender mass in breast
|
CA?
|
|
breast cancer with 100% cure rate
|
DCIS
|
|
two reasons to biopsy
|
palpable mass
abnormal mammogram |
|
most common method of biopsy
|
stereotactic (video guided)
|
|
most important factor of staging breast cancer
|
N: lymph node involvement
|
|
most common site of lymph drainage from the breast
|
axilla
|
|
oncogenes that are assx with poor prognosis
|
HER-2/neu
ER-B-2 EGF myc |
|
poor prognostic indicators
|
large tumor
oncogenes negative P and E receptors |
|
hormone receptor assay is a prognostic or predictive factor
|
predictive (info on response to specific treatment)
|
|
lymph node status is a prognostic of predictive factor
|
prognostic (info on overall outcome regardless of specific therapy)
|
|
breast surgery that requires radiation
|
lumpectomy
|
|
contraindications to lumpectomy
|
pregnancy
previous XRT to breast multicentric disease SLE/RA |
|
lumpectomy versus mastectomy in terms of survival
|
same
|
|
radiation therapy for breast cancer must be administered how often
|
daily
|
|
tx strategy for severe disease
|
chemo (always multi-drug)
|
|
hormone therapy drug classes used in breast cancer
|
SERMS
aromatase inhibitors |
|
complications of breast cancer tx
|
secondary malignancy
ovarian failure (menopause) lymphedema |
|
most breast cancer pt. have or do not have a family hx of breast cancer
|
do not have
|
|
most common breast mass
|
cyst (fibrocystic change)
|
|
follow up schedule for breast cancer survivors
|
every 3 mo for 3 years then
every 6 mo for 2 years then every year |