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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The female breast extends from the ____ down to the ____ rib, and from the ___ across to the ____
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1. from the clavicle and 2nd rib down to the 6th rib
2. From the sternum to the midaxillary line |
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The axillary tail of the breast tissue is called the ___
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tail of spence
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In what two ways can findings in the female breast be described?
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Quadrants
Clock from nipple and cm from center |
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The uneven texture of breast tissue can be normal, termed ___
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physiologic nodularity
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Lymphatics from most of the breast drain toward ____
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the axilla
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Lymph drains from the central axillary nodes to the _____
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infraclavicular and supraclavicular nodes
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Define galactorrhea.
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inappropriate discharge of milk-containing fluid.
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When is galactorrhea considred abnormal?
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If it occurs >6mos after childbirth or cessation of breast-feeding
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The most common palpable masses of the breast in women ages 15-25 is ___
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fibroadenoma - fine, round, mobile, non-tender
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In women between 25-50, ____ are breast masses that may be soft to firm, round, mobile, and may be tender.
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Cysts
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____ are breast masses described as "nodular and ropelike"
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Fibrocystic changes
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___ masses may be irregular, stellate, firm, not clearly delineated
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cancerous
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In women over 50, palpable masses are ___
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cancer until proven otherwise
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Risk of breast cancer ____ with age, and the lifetime risk for women is ___
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1. increases
2. 1 in 8 |
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Non-modifiable risk factors for breast cancer include:
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- age, family hx, age at first full-term pregnancy, early menarche, late menopause, breast denisty.
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Breast-feeding _____ risk of breast cancer.
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decreases
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Breast mammography is controversial in ages ____ but recommended ____
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controversial 40-50 yrs
Recommended annualy age 50+ |
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How often should clinical breast exam be performed?
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Every 3 years in ages 20-40, annually ages 40+
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Describe risk factors for breast cancer:
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- previous breast cancer
- affected mother or sister - biopsy with atypical hyperplasia - age - early menarche - late menopause - late or no pregnancies - previous radiation to chest wall |
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Flattening of the normally convex breast suggests ___
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cancer
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What is the difference between nipple inversion and nipple retraction?
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Inversion - pointing inward but can be corrected when stimulated
Retracted - pulled back by underlying mass/ cancer |
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Upon performing a breast exam, you note tender cords. You should consider what diagnoses?
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- mammary duct ectasia
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What signs in the nipple would suggest underlying cancer?
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thickening of the nipple and loss of elasticity
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Define gynecomastia.
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glandular enlargement (abnormal) of breast tissue in men
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How can you differentiate between fat enlargement and gynecomastia of the male patient?
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Gynecomastia involves palpable glandular tissue
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The term used to describe a sweat gland infection is ___
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hidradenitis suppurativa
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A patient presents with darkly colored, velvety axillary skin. This is called ____ and (is/is not) concerning.
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1. acanthosis nigricans
2. is, one form is associated with internal malignancy |
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Milky discharge unrelated to a prior pregnancy and lactation is called ___
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nonpuerperal galactorrhea
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What are causes of nonpuerperal galactorrhea
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hypothyroid, pituitary prolactinoma, dopamine agonists,
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A patient presents with spontaneous bloody discharge from the right nipple. What should you consider?
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Intraductal papilloma, ductal carcinoma in situ, or Paget's disease of the breast.
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In the patient with a previous mastectomy, what signs would suggest a recurrence of breast cancer?
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masses, nodularity, change in color, inflammation (especially inthe incision line)
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A 20 year old patient presents with a single, round, frm, and well delineated R breast mass. It seems to be mobile and is not tender. Her nipple and areola appear normal... what do you suspect?
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Fibroadenoma
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____ occur in women ages 30-50, are round, soft, well delineated and mobile masses that may be tender.
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Cysts
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___ occur in women ages 30-90, and may be singular or multiple hard, immobile nodules. They are not easily delineated and may present with nipple retraction.
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Cancer
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Describe the difference between fibroadenoma, cysts, and cancer in:
a) retraction b) tenderness c) mobility d) shape |
a) only present in cancer
b) Cysts may be tender, others usually nontender c) Cancer is fixed, others mobile d) Fibroadenoma: round, disclike or lobular Cyst: round Cancer: irregular or stellate |
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Non-malignant causes of retraction of the nipple are:
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fat necrosis, mammary duct ectasia
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Describe 6 visible signs of breast cancer:
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1. retraction signs
2. abnormal contours (loss of convexity) 3) dimpling 4. nipple retraction and deviation 5. Edema of the skin 6. Paget's Disease of the nipple |
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In ____, starts as a scaly eczema like lesion that may weekp, crust, or errode. It continues to dermatitis of the areola and erosion of the nipple.
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Paget's disease of the nipple
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A patient presents with inflammation, with small dimples and an "orange" appearance to the R breast. This is called ___ and suggests ___
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1. Peau d'Orange
2. Inflammatory breast CA |
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Another term for the suspensory ligaments of the breast is ____
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Cooper's Ligaments
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