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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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which bacteria form long branching rods that resemble fungi
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1) Actinomyces
2) Nocardia |
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distinguishing features of actinomyces
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-anaerobe
-form yellow "sulfur granules" in sunus tracts |
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what diseases does actinomyces cause
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ACTinomyces in your trACTinomyces (sinus tracts)
1) Oral facial abscesses -->may drain thru sinus tracts in skin --develop after dental trauma, manipulation |
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distinguishing features of nocardia
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nOcardia=O2 (aerobe)
-aerobe -acid fast |
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what diseases does nocardia cause
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like having a bunch of NOTECARDS in your LUNGS (pneumonia)
1) pulmonary infection in immunocomp pts |
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since actinomyces and nocardia both form long branching rods, how do you tell them apart?
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1) Actinomyces
-anaerobe -sulfur granules -tx w PCN (SNAP) 2) Nocardia -aerobe (nO=O2) -acid fast -tx w sulfa (SNAP) |
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distinguishing features of mycobacteria
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TB has ZEAL (ziehl) for lungs
-can't gram stain them -use ziehl-neelsen stain |
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mycobacteria TB distinguishing features
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-facultative intracellular
-aerobe -CD14+ -produces SERPENTINE COLONIES d/t CORD FACTOR |
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what diseases does mycobacteria TB cause
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TUBERCULOSIS!
HIGHLY CONTAGIOUS-spread by droplets-->lesions form granulomas! 1) Primary TB -initial infxn -kids -ghon complex=granuloma in lower lobe (ghon focus)+ perihilar involvement -most resolve (90%) 2) Secondary TB -REACTIVATION infection -adults -granuloma in upper lobe (O2 rich)+caseous necrosis -miliary spread (CNS, vertebrae, lymph, renal, GI) |
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virulence factors of mycobacteria TB
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1) Survive and multiply in macs
2) Cell wall --rich in protective lipids --cord factor: increases TNF |
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PPD+ v. PPD-
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PPD+=current infxn, past exposure, or BCG vaccinated
PPD-=NO infection, anergic |
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mycobacteria kansasii
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TB like infxn (rarely disseminates)
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mycobacteria avium-intracellulare
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disseminated dz in AIDS
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mycobacterium leprae distinguishing characteristics
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-acid fast
-likes cool temperatures -can't be grown in vitro -reservoir in US: armadillos |
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mycobacterium leprae causes what disease
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LEPROSY
1) Lepromatous --Loss of CMI --Loss of Limbs (presents diffusely over skin and is communicable) --LEpromatous can be LEthal 2) Tuberculoid --Intact CMI --Limited to few hypoesthetic nodules --Tuberculoid is Tame |
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mycobacterium leprae tx
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1) Dapsone (s/e: hemolysis, methemoglobinemia)
2) Other: Rifampin, clofazimine, dapsone. |
