Branchial Arches

Front 1

Future Nerves and Muscles of First Arch (Mandibular)

Back 1

Trigeminal nerve, muscles of mastication, mylohyoid, ant. belly digastric, tensor tympani, tensor veli palatine

Front 2

Future Skeletal Structures and Ligaments of First Arch (Mandibular)

Back 2

malleus, incus of middle ear, ant. ligament of malleus, sphenomandibular ligament, portions of sphenoid bone

Front 3

Future Nerves and Muscles of 2nd arch (hyoid)

Back 3

Facial nerve
Stapedius muscle, muscles of facial expression, post. belly digastic, stylohyoid muscle

Front 4

Future Skeletal Structures and Ligaments of 2nd arch (hyoid)

Back 4

Stapes and portions of malleus and incus of middle ear, stylohyoid ligament, styloid process of temporal bone, less cornu of hyoid bone, upper portion of body of hyoid bone

Front 5

Future Nerves and Muscles of 3rd arches

Back 5

Glossopharyngeal Nerve
stylopharyngeal muscle

Front 6

Future Skeletal Structures and Ligaments of 3rd arches

Back 6

Greater cornu of hyoid bone, lower portion of body of the hyoid bone

Front 7

Future Nerves and Muscles of 4th thru 6th arches

Back 7

Superior laryngeal branch and recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus nerve, levator palatine muscles, pharyngeal constrictors, intrinsic muscles of the larynx

Front 8

Future Skeletal Structures and Ligaments of 4th thru 6th arches

Back 8

Laryngeal cartilages

Front 9

Tuberculum impar

Back 9

triangular median swelling located in the midline, on the floor of the primitive pharynx, in embryo's conjoined nasal and oral cavities
first indication of tongue development at about 4th week of embryonic life

Front 10

Epiglottic swelling

Back 10

farther posterior to the copula, a projection of a 3rd median swelling, develops from mesenchyme of posterior parts of 4th branchial arches.
This swelling marks development of most posterior region of tongue and of future epiglottis

Front 11

Bifid Tongue

Back 11

result of lack of fusion of the distal tongue buds (or lateral swellings)

Front 12

Parotid Glands

Back 12

appear early in 6th week, are the first of the salivary glands to form

Front 13

Submandibular Glands

Back 13

appear late in 6th week

Front 14

Sublingual Gland

Back 14

appear in 8th week

Front 15

Salivary glands

Back 15

begin as epithelial proliferations from the ectodermal lining of the stomodeum.

Front 16

Meckel's Cartilage

Back 16

First arch cartilage
closely related to developing ear
becomes ossified to form the malleus and incus of middle ear, sphenomandibular ligament and portions of the sphenoid bone

Front 17

Reichert's cartilage

Back 17

Second arch cartilage
becomes ossified to form the stapes of the middle ear, the styloid process of the temporal bone, the stylohyoid ligament, the lesser cornu of the hyoid bone, and the upper portion of the body of the hyoid bone

Front 18

Third arch cartilage

Back 18

osifies to form pary of the hyoid bone

Front 19

4th-6th arch cartilages

Back 19

fuse to form the laryngeal cartilages

Front 20

Upper lip formation

Back 20

During 4th week of prenatal development, forms when each maxillary process fuses with each medial nasal process as a result of the underlying growth of mesenchyme

Front 21

Frontonasal processes

Back 21

during 4th week
bulge of tissue in upper facial area, at most cephalic end of embryo, is the cranial boundary of the somodeum
gives rise to upper face (forehead, bridge of nose, primary palate, nasal septum, all structures related to medial nasal processes)

Front 22

Nasal Placodes

Back 22

form in anterior portion of frontonasal process, just superior to stomodeum, during 4th week

Front 23

Lateral clefting of lip

Back 23

results from failure of maxillary and medial nasal processes to fuse

Front 24

Mandible

Back 24

forms as result of fusion of right and left mandibular processes
first portionof the face to form after the creation of the stomodeum

Front 25

Labial commissures

Back 25

fusion of maxillary process on each side of developing face with mandibular arch

Front 26

During the 4th wk, 1st branchial arch divides to form:

Back 26

The mandibular and maxillary process (maxillary and mandibular prominences)

Front 27

Mandibular Symphysis

Back 27

faint ridge in midlin on surface of bony mandible where mandible is formed by fusion of mandibular processes

Front 28

Branchial (pharyngeal) arches

Back 28

stacked bilateral swellings of tissue
inferior to stomodeum durgin 4th week
6 pairs of U-shaped bars with a core mesenchyme formed by neural crest cells that migrate to the neck region

Front 29

1st Pharyngeal Pouch

Back 29

Contributes to formation of tympanic membrane, auditory tube, tympanic cavity, mastoid antrum

Front 30

2nd Pharyngeal Pouch

Back 30

Palatine Tonsils

Front 31

Third Pharyngeal Pouch

Back 31

Inferior parathyroid glands and thymus gland

Front 32

4th Pharyngeal Pouch

Back 32

Superior parathyroid glands and ultimobranchial body