Brain Stem

Front 1

Subdivisions of brain stem? (3)

Back 1

1. Medulla oblongata
2. Pons
3. Mesencephalon (midbrain)

Front 2

Where is the cerebral aqueduct located?

Back 2

Midbrain

Front 3

Where is the fourth ventricle located?

Back 3

Pons & Upper medulla

Front 4

Fourth ventricle narrows to form what in the lower medulla?

Back 4

Central canal

Front 5

Diencephalon contains which ventricle?

Back 5

Third ventricle

Front 6

What are the 3 main types of components in the brain stem?

Back 6

1. Nuclear clusters
2. Long tracts
3. Reticular system

Front 7

What are nuclear clusters?

Back 7

Related to connections of the cranial nerves (mostly motor or sensory)

Front 8

What are long tracts?

Back 8

Sensory & motor pathways traversing the brain stem

Front 9

Elements of the reticular system concern? (4)

Back 9

1. Consciousness
2. Wake-sleep
3. Autonomic
4. Homeostatic functions

Front 10

What is the reticular system?

Back 10

Diffuse clusters of neurons

Front 11

How is the brain stem organized? (4)

Back 11

1. Roof (tectum)
2. Ventricular space
3. Body (tegmentum)
4. Base

Front 12

The base of the brain stem is composed of? (3)

Back 12

1. Cerebral peduncle
or
2. Basilar pons
or
3. Pyramids

Front 13

4 main divisions that neural tube has?

Back 13

1. Somatic sensory
2. Visceral sensory
3. Visceral motor
4. Somatic sensory

Front 14

What separates the alar & basal plates?

Back 14

Sulcus limitans

Front 15

Alar plates represent?

Back 15

Sensory

Front 16

Basal plates of neural tube represent?

Back 16

Motor functions

Front 17

Long tracts of the lower medulla? (4)

Back 17

1. Medial leminiscus
2. Corticospinal tract (pyramids)
3. Spinothalamic tract
4. Spinal trigeminal tract

Front 18

Nuclei of the lower medulla? (3)

Back 18

1. Nucleus cuneatus
2. Nucleus gracillis
3. Spinal trigeminal nucleus

Front 19

Long tracts of upper medulla? (6)

Back 19

1. Medial leminiscus
2. Corticospinal tract (pyramids)
3. Spinothalamic tract
4. Spinal trigeminal tract
5. Medial longitudinal fasciculus
6. Solitary tract

Front 20

Nuclei of the upper medulla? (6)

Back 20

1. Hypoglossal nucleus
2. Inferior olivary nucleus
3. Solitary nucleus
4. Vestibular nuclei
5. Spinal trigeminal nucleus
6. Dorsal motor nucleus or vagus

Front 21

Posterior columns carry?

Back 21

Long white fibers from spinal cord

Front 22

Posterior columns terminate where?

Back 22

Posterior column nuclei:
Gracilis & cuneatus

Front 23

Where do 2nd order fibers from gracilis & cuneateus cross the midline in the lower medulla?

Back 23

Medial lemniscus

Front 24

Where do descending corticospinal fibers cross in lower medulla?

Back 24

Pyramidal decussation

Front 25

Trigeminal pain & temperature fibers travel down _____ & end in _____?

Back 25

Spinal trigeminal tract
Spinal trigeminal nucleus

Front 26

Cerebellar connections of upper medulla?

Back 26

Inferior cerebellar peduncle

Front 27

Which fibers cross midline & form bulk of inferior cerebellar peduncle?

Back 27

Olivocerebellar fibers

Front 28

Nucleus ambigious is motor nucleus of which nerves? (2)

Back 28

IX-- Glossopharyngeal
X-- Vagus

Front 29

Where are the cochlear nuclei located?

Back 29

Pontomedullary junction

Front 30

Long tracts of mid pons? (5)

Back 30

1. Medial lemniscus
2.Medial longitudinal fasciculus
3. Corticospinal tract
4. Spinothalamic tract
5. Spinal trigeminal tract

Front 31

Nuclei of mid pons? (6)

Back 31

1. Abducens nucleus
2. Facial motor nucleus
3. Superior olivary nucleus
4. Spinal trigeminal nucleus
5. Deep cerebellar nuclei
6. Pontine nuclei

Front 32

Nerves of mid pons? (3)

Back 32

1. VI- Abducens
2. VII- Facial nerve (internal genu)
3. VII- Facial nerve (descending root)

Front 33

Cerebellar connections of mid pons? (2)

Back 33

1. Middle cerebellar peduncle
2. Superior cerebellar peduncle

Front 34

Corticopontine fibers traveling w/ CST end where in mid pons?

Back 34

Pontine nuclei

Front 35

What is found at level of mid pons between the two superior olivary nuclei? (2)

Back 35

1. Trapezoid body
2. beginning of Lateral Lemniscus

Front 36

Long tracts of rostral pons? (5)

Back 36

1. Medial lemniscus
2. Lateral lemniscus
3. Corticospinal tract
4. Medial longitudinal fasciculus
5. Spinothalamic tract

Front 37

Nuclei of rostral pons? (3)

Back 37

1. Motor & sensory trigeminal nuclei
2. Mesenchephalic root of V
3. Periventricular gray

Front 38

Cerebellar connections of rostral pons?

Back 38

Superior cerebellar peduncle

Front 39

Long tracts of caudal midbrain? (4)

Back 39

1. Lateral meniscus
2. Medial meniscus
3. Medial longtiduinal fasciculus
4. Spinothalamic tract

Front 40

Nuclei of caudal midbrain? (3)

Back 40

1. Trochlear nucleus
2. Pontine nucleus
3. Inferior colliculus

Front 41

Cerebellar connections of caudal midbrain?

Back 41

Decussation of superior cerebellar peduncles

Front 42

Long tracts of rostral midbrain? (3)

Back 42

1. Medial lemniscus
2. Spinothalamic tract
3. Corticospinal tract (in cerebral peduncle)

Front 43

Nuclei of rostral midbrain? (6)

Back 43

1. Oculomotor nucleus
2. Inferior brachium (from inferior colliculus)
3. Periaqueductal gray
4. Red nucleus
5. Superior colliculus
6. Substantia nigra

Front 44

Which fibers does cerebral peduncle contain? (3)

Back 44

1. Corticobulbar
2. Corticospinal
3. Corticopontine

Front 45

What emerges from the interpeduncular fossa of the rostral midbrain?

Back 45

Oculomotor nerve

Front 46

Reticular system is located throughout the _______ of the brain stem?

Back 46

Tegmentum

Front 47

Functions of the reticular system? (3)

Back 47

1. Control circulation & respiration
2. Regulate sleep & wakefulness
3. Regulation of attention & level of consciousness

Front 48

Three regions of the reticular system?

Back 48

1. Raphe nuclei
2. Medial region
3. Lateral region

Front 49

Where are the raphe nuclei located?

Back 49

Sagittal midline of the brainstem

Front 50

What is located in the medial region of the reticular system?

Back 50

Motor reticular cells that leave the region

Front 51

Lateral region of the reticular system primarily receives?

Back 51

Sensory neuron collaterals

Front 52

Lateral region of the reticular system is primarily concerned w/?

Back 52

Cranial nerve reflexes & visceral functions

Front 53

What originates in the medial region of the reticular system?

Back 53

Long ascending & descending reticular tracts

Front 54

What embryologically separates the motor & sensory nuclei in the brain stem?

Back 54

Sulcus limitans

Front 55

Spinal nerves & cranial nerves have which 4 general components?

Back 55

1. Somatic afferent (sensory)
2. Visceral afferent (sensory)
3. Visceral efferent (motor)
4. Somatic efferent (motor)

Front 56

General somatic afferent fibers are related to?

Back 56

Receptors for pain, temperature & mechanical stimuli in somatic structures such as skin, muscles & joints

Front 57

General visceral afferent fiber are related to?

Back 57

Receptors in visceral structures such as walls of GI tract

Front 58

General visceral efferent fibers are?

Back 58

Preganglionic autonomic fibers

Front 59

General somatic efferent fibers are?

Back 59

Innervate skeletal muscle

Front 60

What are the special components of cranial nerves? (3)

Back 60

1. Special somatic afferent
2. Special visceral afferent
3. Special visceral efferent (Branchial motor)

Front 61

Special somatic afferent fibers are related to?

Back 61

Sight, hearing & equilibrium

Front 62

Special visceral afferent fibers are related to?

Back 62

Smell & taste

Front 63

Special visceral efferent fibers innervate?

Back 63

Certain striated branchiomeric muscles-- derived from branchial arches