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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the axon hillock?
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This is anatomically the descending portion of the neuron as it becomes a dendrite. It brims with charge sensitive proteins and determines whether or not the cell will fire.
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What is the function of the nodes of Ranvier?
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Myelin sheaths are broken up every mm by these small gaps. These are frree from myelin, but packed full of proteins, allowing the electrical signal to recharge and continue on. (Saltatory conduction).
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What does multiple sclerosis cause?
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It causes the destruction of myelin around neurones which causes typical symptoms.
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Where is the brain stem located?
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It is the junction between the top of the spinal cord and the brain. It is also known as the reptilian brain. It is app. in line with the eyes.
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What are the three parts of the brain stem?
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Medulla oblongata, the midbrain and pons.
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What is the function of the medulla oblongata?
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Breathing, digestion, heart rate and blood pressure.
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Where is the pons located.
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It is located above the medulla. This functions similarly to the medulla, but also directs movement related phenomenon between the cortex and the cerebellum.
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Where is the midbrain?
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This structure crowns the brain stem, located at the3 organs center. This controls coordination, sensory and motor functions, such as eye movements.
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The cerebellum was one of the earliest brain regions to develop. TRUE/FALSE
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TRUE. Though it only occupies one tenth of the brains volume, it accounts for around half of the total number of neurones. Its primary function id balance and coordination.
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Where is the diencephalon?
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It is found above the midbrain and between the large cerebral hemispheres. It contains the thalamus and hypothalamus.
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What is the function of the thalamus?
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It is essential in the gating, processing and transfer of almost all the sensory information. The thalamus decides whether the input should be sent to the cortex for further processing.
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The hypothalamus sits below the thalamus. TRUE/FALSE
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TRUE. It is responsible for motivation, sex, music or even drugs. It is involved in homeostasis.
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What are the components of the basal ganglia?
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The amygdala and the hippocampus. The amygdala is situated at the ends of the basal ganglia. It generates emotional responses such as fear and desire.
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Where is the hippocampus?
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It is situated near(posterior) to the amygdala. Here memories are forged, awake or sleep, and reference for future information.
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The amygdala, basal ganglia and hippocampus make up what system?
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The limbic system.
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How thick is the cerebral cortex?
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It is app. 4mm thick.
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What is the grey surface?
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This surface is due to a vast network of specialized neurones, six layers of which travel down towards the underlying white matter. Our very powers of thought are born within this region.
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What are the 4 major lobes of the cortex?
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Frontal, parietal, occipital and temporal.
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What does the frontal lobe do?
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It is for higher functions, atention, planning, language and movement.
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What does the parietal lobe do?
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Sensory information.
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The occipital lobe deals primarily with vision. TRUE/FALSE
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TRUE.
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What dot he temporal lobes do?
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They focus on sound and language
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The brains two hemisphere are held together by the corpus callosum. TRUE/FALSE
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TRUE. This is the largest bundle of nerve fibers, the main channel through which the information flows from one side of the brain to the other.
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