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16 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What are the three main causes of brain damage?
a)CHI/TBI
b)Stroke
c)Other causes of BI: tumours, infections, drugs and toxins, bullet wounds, radiation, diseases
What are the five most common stroke symptoms?
1)Sudden numbness or weakness of face, arm or leg, especially on one side of the body
2)Sudden confusion, trouble speaking or understanding
3)Sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes
4)Sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination
5)Sudden severe headache with no known cause
What are the two less common stroke symptoms
•Sudden nausea, fever and vomiting distinguished from a viral illness by the speed of onset (minutes or hours vs. several days)
•Brief loss of consciousness or period of decreased consciousness (fainting, confusion, convulsions or coma)
How are strokes usually caused?
b)Usually caused by blood clot  ischemia (loss of blood flow)
-or hemorrhage (bleeding)
The area surrounding the area of greatest damage
penumbra
Describe the mechanism of cell death in the penumbra
traumatic events -> glutamate release + ↓ Na/K pump -> ion accumulation (Na+, Ca++, others) -> cell death
(swelling via fluid) contributes in hemorrhage
edema
break up blood clots (for ischemia, not hemorrhage)
a-effective in clinic if within 3 hrs
tPA
(and other apoptosis-blockers) promising in rats
a-but it has to be injected right into brain
NGF
and other NMDA blockers - disappointing
MK-801
What is the best proven way to treat stroke victims
head cooling
Finding new ways to accomplish old task
behavioural compensation
a depression of regional neuronal metabolism and cerebral blood flow caused by dysfunction in an anatomically separate but functionally related neuronal region
Diaschisis
How does a person recover from diaschisis
neurons in associated area adjust their sensitivity (e.g. thresholds) to new input levels
-And then they work again.
axons all over brain are stretched and snap
Diffuse axonal injury (DAI)
strokes are known as...
cerebral vascular accidents