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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the general function of GSAs?
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Perception of touch, pain, temperature
Examples: Trigeminal nerve [V]; facial nerve [VII]; vagus nerve [X] |
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What is the general function of GVAs?
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Sensory input from viscera
Examples: Glossopharyngeal nerve [IX]; vagus nerve [X] |
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What is the general function of SSAs?
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Smell, taste, vision, hearing and balance
Examples: Olfactory nerve [I]; optic nerve [II]; facial nerve [VII]; vestibulocochlear nerve [VIII]; glossopharyngeal nerve [IX]; vagus nerve [X] |
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What is the general function of GSEs?
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Motor innervation to skeletal (voluntary) muscles
Examples: Oculomotor nerve [III]; trochlear nerve [IV]; abducent nerve [VI]; hypoglossal nerve [XII] |
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What is the general function of GVEs?
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Motor innervation to smooth muscle, heart muscle, and glands
Examples: Oculomotor nerve [III]; facial nerve [VII]; glossopharyngeal nerve [IX]; vagus nerve [X] |
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What is the general function of BEs?
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Motor innervation to skeletal muscles derived from pharyngeal arch mesoderm
Examples: Trigeminal nerve [V]; facial nerve [VII]; glossopharyngeal nerve [IX]; vagus nerve [X]; accessory nerve [XI] |
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What cranial nerves contain a GSA component?
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Trigeminal nerve [V]; facial nerve [VII]; vagus nerve [X]
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What cranial nerves contain a GVA component?
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Glossopharyngeal nerve [IX]; vagus nerve [X]
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What cranial nerves contain a SSA component?
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Olfactory nerve [I]; optic nerve [II]; facial nerve [VII]; vestibulocochlear nerve [VIII]; glossopharyngeal nerve [IX]; vagus nerve [X]
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What cranial nerves contain a GSE component?
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Oculomotor nerve [III]; trochlear nerve [IV]; abducent nerve [VI]; hypoglossal nerve [XII]
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What cranial nerves contain a GVE component?
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Oculomotor nerve [III]; facial nerve [VII]; glossopharyngeal nerve [IX]; vagus nerve [X]
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What cranial nerves contain a BE component?
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Trigeminal nerve [V]; facial nerve [VII]; glossopharyngeal nerve [IX]; vagus nerve [X]; accessory nerve [XI]
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Describe the afferents / efferents of CN I
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Olfactory Nerve
1. SSA: Smell |
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Describe the afferents / efferents of CN II
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Optic Nerve
1. SSA: Vision |
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Describe the afferents / efferents of CN III
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Occulomotor Nerve
1. GSE-innervates levator palpebrae superioris, superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, and inferior oblique muscles 2. GVE-innervates sphincter pupillae for pupillary constriction; ciliary muscles for accommodation of the lens for near vision |
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Describe the afferents / efferents of CN IV
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Trochlear Nerve
1. GSE: Innervates superior oblique muscle |
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Describe the afferents / efferents of CN V
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Trigeminal Nerve
1. BE & GSA-sensory from: ophthalmic division [V1]-eyes, conjunctiva, orbital contents, nasal cavity, frontal sinus, ethmoid sinus, upper eyelid, dorsum of nose, anterior part of scalp; maxillary nerve [V2]-dura in anterior and middle cranial fossae, nasopharynx, palate, nasal cavity, upper teeth, maxillary sinus, skin covering the side of the nose, lower eyelid, cheek, upper lip; mandibular division [V3]-skin of lower face, cheek, lower lip, ear, external acoustic meatus, temporal fossa, anterior two-thirds of tongue, lower teeth, mastoid air cells, mucous membranes of cheek, mandible, dura in middle cranial fossa BE-innervates temporalis, masseter, medial and lateral pterygoids, tensor tympani, tensor veli palatini, anterior belly of digastric, and mylohyoid muscles |
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Describe the afferents / efferents of VI
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Abducent Nerve
1. GSE: Innervates lateral rectus muscle |
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Describe the afferents / efferents of VII
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Facial Nerve
1. GSA-sensory from external acoustic meatus, skin posterior to ear 2. SSA-taste from anterior two-thirds of tongue 3. GVE-innervates lacrimal gland, submandibular and sublingual salivary glands, and mucous membranes of nasal cavity, hard and soft palates 4. BE-innervates muscles of face (muscles of facial expression) and scalp derived from the second pharyngeal arch, and stapedius, posterior belly of digastric, stylohyoid muscles |
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Describe the afferents / efferents of VIII
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Vestibulocochlear nerve
1. SSA: Vestibular division-balance Cochlear division-hearing |
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Describe the afferents / efferents of IX
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Glossopharyngeal nerve
1. GVA-sensory from carotid body and sinus, posterior one-third of tongue, palatine tonsils, upper pharynx, and mucosa of middle ear and pharyngotympanic tube 2. SSA-taste from posterior one-third of tongue 3. GVE-innervates parotid salivary gland 4. BE-innervates stylopharyngeus muscle |
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Describe the afferents / efferents of X
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Vagus nerve
1. GSA-sensory from skin posterior to ear and external acoustic meatus, and dura in posterior cranial fossa 2. GVA-sensory from aortic body chemoreceptors and aortic arch baroreceptors, mucous membranes of pharynx, larynx, esophagus, bronchi, lungs, heart, and abdominal viscera of the foregut and midgut 3. SA-taste from the epiglottis 4. GVE-innervates smooth muscle and glands in the pharynx, larynx, thoracic viscera, and abdominal viscera of the foregut and midgut 5. BE-innervates one tongue muscle (palatoglossus), muscles of soft palate (except tensor veli palatini), pharynx (except stylopharyngeus), and larynx |
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Describe the afferents / efferents of XI
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Accessory nerve
1. BE: Innervates sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles |
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Describe the afferents / efferents of XII
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Hypoglossal nerve
1. GSE: Innervates hyoglossus, genioglossus, and styloglossus muscles and all intrinsic muscles of the tongue |
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What are "Association Fibres"?
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Association Fibres connect areas within the same hemisphere
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What are "Commissural Fibres"?
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Commissural Fibres - Originate from cell bodies in the cortex of one hemisphere, cross the midline and synapse with neurons in corresponding areas of cortex of the other heisphere.
e.g. corpus callosum |
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What are "Projection Fibres"?
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Projection fibres project to and from the cortex
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In very simple terms - what does the Basal Ganglia do?
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The basal ganglia is involved in the modulation of voluntary motor activity.
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Identify all the cranial nerves that are attached to the medulla
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IX, X, XI, XII
anterior to olive: XII posterior to olive: XI, X, IX |
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Identify the cranial nerves that are attached to the pons
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V, VI, VII, VIII
Pontocerebellar angle: VII, VIII VI: Groove btw medulla and pons (medial) V: Basal pons |
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Identify the cranial nerves that are attached to the midbrain
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III, IV
III: emerges anteriorly in interpedunclar fossa, on medial side of the crus cerebri IV: Emerges posteriorly, just caudal to the inferior colliculus |
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Identify the cranial nerves located on the inferior surface of the brain
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I, II
I: Bipolar olfactory receptor cells, olfactory bulb and olfactory tract II: Optic nerve, optic chiasm and optic tract. |