Brain And Behavior Final 2009

Front 1

Pituitary Adenoma

Back 1

Anterior Pituitary tumor
Rare in Children
May be endocrine active

Front 2

Craniopharyngioma

Back 2

Benign congenital: mostly in children
Not endocrine active but does expand upward

Front 3

Hypothalamic Syndrome/Hypopituitarism

Back 3

Compression of pituitary stalk therefore tropic hormones from hypothalamus aren't released which causes decreased pituitary hormones

Front 4

Hypothalamic Hamartoma

Back 4

Mass near hypothalamus
Causes change in diet, hyperactivity, euphoria, headaches and FTT

Front 5

What nucleus in Hypothalamus regulates temp?

Back 5

Anterior N.

Front 6

What hypothalamic nuclei regulate volume and osmolarity?

Back 6

SFO (Ang II), OVLT (Na) and SON (ADH)

Front 7

What hypothalamic n. receives food intake inputs and what n. send outputs?

Back 7

Arcuate N. receives inputs and PVN/Lat.N. send output

Front 8

Kluver- Bucy Syndrome

Back 8

Bilateral Temporal Lobectomy
Flat emotions, lack of fear, hypersexuality, orally fixated, visual agnosia

Front 9

How does damage to the hippocampus affect memory?

Back 9

Inability to form new memories

Front 10

Stimulation of Amygdala produces...

Back 10

Fear, frustration, anger, rage and violence

Front 11

What part of the limbic system recognizes fear in others?

Back 11

Left Amygdala

Front 12

Urbach-Wiethe Disease

Back 12

Bilateral calcification near the amygdala produces a human Kluver Bucey Syndrome

Front 13

What receptor is responsible for rewarding feelings?

Back 13

Dopamine D2 Receptor

Front 14

Reward Deficiency Syndrome

Back 14

Decrease in D2 Receptor
Impulsive behavior, compulsive behavior, personality disorders and addictive behavior

Front 15

What part of the cingulate cortex regulates attention to pain?

Back 15

Anterior Cingulate Cortex

Front 16

Korsakoff Syndrome

Back 16

Damage to mamillary bodies as a result of chronic alcoholism
Have difficulty forming new memories, temperospacial disorientation, and confabulation

Front 17

Autonomic Neurotransmitters

Back 17

ACh, NE and E

Front 18

What neurons are shared between autonomic and somatic neurons?

Back 18

Secondary Neurons

Front 19

Sympathetic afferents control...

Back 19

visceral pain

Front 20

Parasympathetic afferents control...

Back 20

unconscious reflexes

Front 21

Neuroblastoma

Back 21

Adrenal Gland Tumor

Front 22

Pheochromocytoma

Back 22

Tumor releasing catecholamines

Front 23

Orthostatic Intolerance

Back 23

Increased heart rate with standing, light headedness, abnormal sweating

Front 24

Neurally-mediated syncope

Back 24

fainting with standing

Front 25

Explicit Memory

Back 25

Conscious recollection of facts and experiences

Front 26

Where is explicit memory located?

Back 26

Short term: Hippocampus
Long term: Cortex

Front 27

Implicit Memory

Back 27

Unconscious, emotional and motor memory

Front 28

Where is implicit memory located?

Back 28

Striatum, Cerebellum and Amygdala

Front 29

What type of amnesia would result from bilateral removal of the Hippocampus?

Back 29

Anterograde- no new explicit memories

Front 30

Part of brain activated during Working Memory

Back 30

Dorsal and lateral prefrontal cortex
Damage results in problems planning, solving problems and maintaining attention

Front 31

Impulsivity is regulated in what part of the brain?

Back 31

Orbital and medial prefrontal cortex

Front 32

Long Term Potentiation (neuroplasticity)

Back 32

Increasing the number of AMPA receptors to strengthen existing synapses and produce new synapses: increases strength of communication between two neurons

Front 33

Protein in neurofibrillary tangles

Back 33

Tau

Front 34

Alzheimer's Diagnostic hallmarks

Back 34

neuronal loss, neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques

Front 35

Biggest risk factor for Alzheimers

Back 35

Age

Front 36

Mild Cognitive Impairment

Back 36

Term for individuals with memory loss but no other cognitive decline

Front 37

Alzheimer's susceptibility gene

Back 37

ApoE

Front 38

Neurotransmitter implicated in Alzheimer's

Back 38

ACh

Front 39

Cortical Dementias

Back 39

Alzheimer's, Pick's Disease, Lewy Body Dementia

Front 40

Subcortical Dementias

Back 40

Parkinson's, Huntington's, Wilson's, Progressive supranuclear palsy, spinocerebellar degeneration, Olivo-ponto-cerebellar degeneration and dementia secondary to MS

Front 41

Characteristics of subcortical dementias

Back 41

mental and motor slowing

Front 42

Pick's Disease

Back 42

Rare
Frontal and Ant. Temporal lobe atrophy
Degeneration leads to disinhibition and hyperorality

Front 43

Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus

Back 43

Clinical symptoms:
Cognitive disturbance, gait apraxia, and urinary incontinence

Front 44

Rett's Disorder

Back 44

Normal development for first 5mos. of life but then gradual deceleration of head growth accompanied by loss of purposeful hand skills and hand wringing
Almost exclusively female

Front 45

Childhood Disintegrative Disorder

Back 45

Normal development for first two years but between ages 2 and 10 there is loss of bowel and bladder control in addition to decreased motor and social skills

Front 46

Asperger Syndrome

Back 46

Autistic disorder characterized by social impairment and the restrictive/repetitive behavior
**No language delay or cognitive impairment

Front 47

Bipolar Disorder

Back 47

One or more manic or misxed episodes

Front 48

Mania: DIGFAST

Back 48

Distractibility, Impulsive behavior, grandiosity, fast or racing thoughts, increased activity, decreased sleep and talking rapidly