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5 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Basal Ganglia: Subcortical Nuclei that lies in the forebrain just below the white matter of the cortex. |
Basic structures of Basal Ganglia: caudate nucleus, that lies near the lateral ventricle, the putamen and the globus pallidus. |
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Function of the Basal Ganglia: together with the thalamus, the substantia nigra and the subthalamic nucleus, they form a system that functions primarily to control voluntary movement |
How can we observe these functions? By analyzing diseases that interfere with its healthy functioninge.g. Parkinson disease and Tourette Sundrome. Both are disorders not of producing, but of controlling movement. |
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Parkinson disease; disorder of the motor system correlated with loss of dopamine from the substantia nigra and characterized by tremors, mascular rigidity and a reduction in voluntary movement. |
Tourette syndrome: Disorder of the basal ganglia, characterized by tics, involuntary vocalizations (including curse words and animal sounds), and odd involuntary movements of the body, especially of the face and head. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e8LiiezkAkQ |
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Limpic system; Disparate forebrain structures lying between the neocortex and the brainstem that form a functional system controlling affective and motivated behaviors and certain forms of memory; includes, among other structures, cingulate cortex ( a type of allocortex), hypocampus ( those two participate in certain memory functions as well as in controlling navigation in space), amygdala ( assiated with rewarding properties of psychoactive drugs and other addictive substances and behaviors). |
Attention! Drugs such as amphetamine or nicotine produces both structural and chemical changes in the cingulate cortex and hippocampus |
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Oflactory system; the small oflactory bulb of humans lies at the base of the forebrain. It connects to receptor cells that lie in the nasal cavity, and sends most of this input to the pyriform cortex en route to the amygdala and thalamus and finally the frontal cortex. |
Smell plays an important role in various aspects of our feeding and sexual behavior. |
