Brain

Front 1

Tectum

Back 1

Roof of the midbrain

Front 2

Forebrain

Back 2

Most anterior, most prominent

Front 3

Spinal Cord

Back 3

part of the CNS, communicates with the sense organs and muscles below the level of the head

Front 4

Dorsal Root Ganglia

Back 4

clusters of neurons outside the spinal cord

Front 5

Grey Matter

Back 5

H shaped matter in the center of the spinal cord, it is densly packed with cell bodies and dendrites

Front 6

White Matter

Back 6

Outer part of the spinal cord, composed mostly of myelinated axons

Front 7

Sympathetic Nervous System

Back 7

Subpart of Autonomic NS: network of nerves that prepare organs for vigorous activity like fight or flight

Front 8

Midbrain

Back 8

Middle of the brain, small and surrounded by forebrain

Front 9

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Back 9

Subpart of Autonomic NS: facilitates vegetative, nonemergency responses

Front 10

Hindbrain

Back 10

Posterior part of the brain: medulla, pons, and cerebellum

Front 11

Raphe System

Back 11

Hindbrain: sends axons to much of the forebrain

Front 12

Tegmentum

Back 12

Intermediate level of the midbrain

Front 13

Medulla

Back 13

Hindbrain: Just above the spinal cord, controls vital reflexes: breathing, heartrate, vomiting, coughing etc.

Front 14

Brainstem

Back 14

Hindbrain: medulla, pons, midbrain, and central structures of forebrain

Front 15

Cranial Nerves

Back 15

Hindbrain: Control sensations from the head, muscle movements in the head, and much of the parasympathetic output to the organs

Front 16

Pons

Back 16

Hindbrain: Lie anterior and ventral to the medulla. Controls arousal and control of facial muscles

Front 17

Cerebellum

Back 17

Hindbrain: large structure, controls movement, perceptions, and learned responses that depend on timing

Front 18

Reticular Formation

Back 18

Hindbrain: Descending part controls motor areas of spinal cord, ascending part sends output to much of the cerebral cortex increasing arousal and attention in one area or another

Front 19

Limbic System

Back 19

Forebrain: Number of interlinked structures around the brainstem that control motivations for eating, drinking, sex, anxiety, etc. Includes: olfactory bulb, hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala, and cingulate gyrus

Front 20

Thalamus

Back 20

Forebrain: Recieves sensory information before going to cerebral cortex

Front 21

Hypothalamus

Back 21

Forebrain: Just ventral of thalamus, conveys messages to pituitary gland altering hormones.

Front 22

Pituitary Gland

Back 22

Forebrain: Hormone producing gland attached to the base of the hypothalamus. Synthesizes and releases hormones into bloodstream

Front 23

Basal Ganglia

Back 23

Forebrain: group of structures lateral to the thalamus. Important to movement selection, certain aspects of memory and emotional expression

Front 24

Hippocampus

Back 24

Forebrain: Memory storage

Front 25

Ventricals

Back 25

Four fluid filled cavities within the brain. Filled with cerebrospinal fluid which is similar to blood plasma

Front 26

Autonomic Nervous System

Back 26

part of the Peripheral NS: controls the heart, intestines, and the other organs

Front 27

Somatic Nervous System

Back 27

Part of the Peripheral NS: Controls voluntary muscles and conveys sensory information to the central nervous system

Front 28

Central Nervous System

Back 28

Brain and Spinal Cord

Front 29

Peripheral Nervous System

Back 29

Nerves outside the brain and spinal cord

Front 30

Nucleus Basalis

Back 30

Key in brain's system for arousal, wakefulness, and attention. Deterioration in Parkinsons and Alzheimers

Front 31

Cerebral Cortex

Back 31

Grey matter on the outer surface of the cerebral hemispheres

Front 32

Corpus Callosum

Back 32

Bundles of axons that communicate with neurons in the opposite hemisphere

Front 33

Occipital Lobe

Back 33

Located at the posterior end of the cortex. Responsible for vision

Front 34

Parietal Lobe

Back 34

Next to Occipital, responsible for body sensations

Front 35

Central Sulcus

Back 35

One of the deepest grooves in the surface of the cortex. Located just inbetween the Frontal and Parietal Lobes

Front 36

Temporal Lobe

Back 36

Located near the temples. Responsible for hearing and advanced visual processing

Front 37

Frontal Lobe

Back 37

Responsible for planning of movements, recent memory, and some emotion

Front 38

Prefrontal Cortex

Back 38

Most front part of the frontal lobe, recieves information about all sensory systems

Front 39

Precentral Gyrus

Back 39

Back part of the Frontal Lobe, it controls fine movements. Topography? each location represents different body part

Front 40

Postcentral Gyrus

Back 40

Area right behind the central sulcus. It is the primary target for touch sensations and information from muscle-stretch receptors and joint receptors. Topography?: each location represents diff. body part

Front 41

Vagus

Back 41

Cranial nerve that controls sensations from the neck and thorax

Front 42

Olfactory

Back 42

Cranial Nerve: controls smell

Front 43

Amygdala

Back 43

Processes emotions

Front 44

Colliculi

Back 44

Important routes for sensory information