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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1. What is chronotropic incompetence?
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a. Failure to increase the heart rate with exercise
b. Failure to reach 85% of predicted maximal heart rate at peak exercise |
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2. What is the primary intervention in patients with symptomatic SA node dysfunction?
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a. Pacemaker implantation
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3. How do the majority of pacemakers gain access to the heart?
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a. Subclavian-SVC system
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4. How do you calculate normal heart rate for a given age?
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a. 118-(.57*age)
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5. How do you calculate max heart rate?
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a. 220-age
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6. What is asystole?
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a. Pause of longer than 3 seconds
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7. What are the symptoms of bradycardia-tachycardia syndrome?
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a. A-fib
b. Atrial flutter c. PAC |
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8. What is 1st degree SA exit block?
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a. Slow response to a PAC
b. Leads to long interval until next contraction |
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9. What is 2nd degree SA exit block?
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a. Intermittent absent P waves
b. Gaps are still intervals of normal rhythm |
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10. What is 3rd degree SA exit block?
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a. Lack of atrial activity→ no P-waves
b. Subsidiary ectopic atrial pacemaker |
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11. What is the ECG evidence of 3rd degree SA exit block?
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a. Sinus arrest
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12. What is SSS?
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a. Symptomatic asystolic pause >3s
b. Dizziness/syncope |
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13. How do you dx SA dysfunction?
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a. Holter monitor
b. Event recorder c. Carotid sinus pressure pauses of more than 5 s |
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14. How do you tx SA dysfunction?
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a. AV sequential pacing
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15. What are the main concerns in AV conduction disturbances?
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a. Site of abnormality→ is it above or below the bundle of His?
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16. What can cause AV conduction abnormalities?
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a. Vagotonia
b. Drugs that slow conduction from SA to AV node c. Acute MI d. Coronary spasm |
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17. What illnesses can cause AV conduction disturbances?
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a. Rheumatic fever
b. Infectious mono c. Lyme disease d. Sarcoidosis |
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18. What degenerative diseases can lead to AV block?
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a. Lev’s disease
b. Lenegre’s disease |
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19. What are the ssx of Lev’s disease?
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a. Calcification of the cardiac skeleton, aortic valve, and mitral valve
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20. What are the ssx of Lenegre’s disease?
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a. Degeneration of conduction system of heart
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21. What is the sign of 1st degree AV block?
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a. PR >.2
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22. What is the sign of Mobitz I?
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a. Normal QRS
b. 3:2, 4:3, 5:4 c. Continuous lengthening of PR until dropped QRS |
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23. What is the sign of Mobitz II?
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a. Widened QRS
b. 2:1, 3:1, 4:1 c. PR normal until QRS dropout |
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24. What is the location of Mobitz I? Mobitz II?
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a. I-- bundle of His
b. II-- beneath bundle of His |
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25. What is the sign of 3rd degree AV block?
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a. Normal QRS
b. Complete dissociation between atria and ventricles |
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26. What is the location of 3rd degree AV block?
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a. Bundle of His
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27. What is Adams-Stokes syndrome?
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a. 3rd degree AV block accompanied by syncope
b. Failure of subsidiary pacemaker to engage c. Lose ventricular beats for 15 s |
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28. How do you treat 1st degree AV block and Mobitz I?
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a. Generally not needed
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29. When is an AV pacemaker indicated?
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a. Mobitz II
b. 3rd degree AV block c. Adams-Stokes |
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30. What causes paroxysmal atrial toxicity with block? What are the ssx?
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a. Digitalis toxicity
b. Every other p-wave is getting through in A-tach |
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31. What is AV dissociation?
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a. Atria and ventricles under two separate pacemakers
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32. What are the types of AV dissociation?
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a. 3rd degree AV block w/ ventricular pacing
b. Sinus bradycardia with AV Junctional rhythm c. Isorhythmic AV dissociation d. Interference AV dissociation e. Enhanced Junctional or ventricular pacer that compete w/ sinus rhythm |
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33. What are the class I guidelines for temporary pacing in AMI?
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Sinus node dysfunction with long-term drug treatment
Symptomatic chronic incompetence |
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34. What are the guidelines for a permanent pacemaker after an AMI?
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Persistent 2nd degree AV block in the purkinje system
Complete heart block Symptomatic AV block at any level Transient advanced AV block in AV node |
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35. What is the preferred tx for bradycardia?
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a. AV pacing preferred
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36. What do cardiomyopathies require in device tx?
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a. Biventricular pacing
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37. What is the device tx for ANS dysfunction?
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a. AV pacing
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38. What is the device tx for atrial fibrillation?
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a. Dual site atrial pacing
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39. What is the code for describing pacemakers?
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a. Chamber paced→ O, A, V, D
b. Chamber sensed→ O, A, V, D c. Response to sensing→ O, T, I, D d. Programmability→ O, P, M, C, R e. Antiarrhythmic function→ O, P, S, D |
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40. What are the complications of pacemakers?
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a. Sensing abnormalities
b. Output failure c. Lead fracture or displacement |
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41. What is pacemaker syndrome?
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a. Pacemaker is in competition with the patient HR
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42. What are the ssx of pacemaker syndrome?
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a. Fatigue
b. Dizziness c. Syncope d. Canon A-waves |
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43. How do you tx pacemaker syndrome?
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a. Atrial pacing w/ synchrony
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44. What can cause pacemaker syndrome?
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a. Sinus node dysfunction with ventricular pacing
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45. How can pacemaker syndrome be prevented?
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a. Dual chamber pacing to maintain AV synchrony
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