Brady Essentials Of Fire Fighting - 5Th Edition - Chapter 2 - Firefighter Safety And Health

Front 1

According to NFPA 1001, those qualified at the Fire Fighter 1 level must know the following about firefighter safety and health:

Back 1

1) Provisions of the fire department's member assistance program.

2) Critical aspects of NFPA 1500 as they apply to the Fire Fighter 1

Front 2

How many fire fighter injuries are reported in the US every year?

Back 2

100,000

Front 3

What are some ways to prevent fire fighter injuries? (5)

Back 3

1) Effective training

2) Maintaining company discipline and accountability (team integrity)

3) Following established safety-related SOPs

4) Using personal protective clothing and equipment

5) Maintaining a high level of physical fitness

Front 4

Nearly fifty percent of all firefighter injuries are ____ and _____.

Back 4

Sprains and strains

Front 5

Besides helping to avoid sprains and strains, physical fitness can also help firefighters avoid ___ ______ and _____.

Back 5

Heart attacks and strokes

Front 6

Where do most (52%) fire fighter injuries occur?

Back 6

On the fireground

Front 7

What percentage of injuries occur during non-fire emergency incidents?

Back 7

15%

Front 8

On average, how many firefighters die in the US in the line of duty every year?

Back 8

100

Front 9

What causes the majority of firefighter deaths in the line of duty?

Back 9

Stress/overexertion ailments such as heart attacks, strokes, and heat exposure

Front 10

What is the second most common cause of line-of-duty firefighter deaths?

Back 10

Vehicle crashes (21.7%)

Front 11

What percentage of fire fighters that die in the line of duty each year are career firefighters?

Back 11

29.5%

Front 12

What two organizations put forth the majority of occupational safety standards and regulations for firefighters?

Back 12

OSHA and the NFPA (National Fire Protection Association)

Front 13

What is a LODD?

Back 13

Line-of-duty death

Front 14

Define "consensus standard."

Back 14

Rules, principles or measures that are established through agreement of members of the standards-setting organization.

Front 15

Define "risk management plan."

Back 15

Written plan that identifies and analyzes the exposure to hazards and includes selection of appropriate risk management techniques to handle exposures, implementation of chosen techniques, and monitoring the results of those techniques

Front 16

What percentage of fire fighters that die in the line of duty each year are career firefighters?

Back 16

29.5%

Front 17

What two organizations put forth the majority of occupational safety standards and regulations for firefighters?

Back 17

OSHA and the NFPA (National Fire Protection Association)

Front 18

What is a LODD?

Back 18

Line-of-duty death

Front 19

Define "safety policy."

Back 19

Written policy that is designed to promote safety to deparmental members.

Front 20

What is a Health and Safety Officer (HSO)?

Back 20

A member of the fire and emergency services organization who is assigned and authorized by the administration as the manager of the health and safety program and performs the duties, functions, and responsibilities in NFPA 1521, Standard for Fire Department Safety Officer.

Front 21

Define "communicable disease."

Back 21

Disease that is transmissible from one person to another.

Front 22

Define "personal alert safety system (PASS)"

Back 22

Electronic lack-of-motion sensor that sounds a loud tone when a firefighter becomes motionless. It can also be manually triggered. Don't stand still on the fireground, you'll start beeping.

Front 23

Define "Self-contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA)"

Back 23

Respirator worn by the user that supplies a breathable atmosphere (air). This is required in all atmospheres that are considered to be immediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH).

Front 24

What steps are fire deparments required to take to maintain the health and safety of their personnel? (7)

Back 24

1) Develop an organizational plan

2) Develop a risk management plan

3) Develop a safety and health policy

4) Define roles and responsibilities of members

5) Establish a safety and health committee

6) Keep records of all job-related accidents, illnesses, exposures, and fatalities

7) Appoint a health and safety officer (HSO)

Front 25

What must you always wear when you're in the moving apparatus?

Back 25

Seatbelt

Front 26

What personal protective clothing and equipment must be provided by the department to every firefighter? (8)

Back 26

1) Helmet

2) Hood/shroud

3) Coat

4) Pants

5) Safety boots/shoes

6) Gloves

7) Goggles or safety glasses

8) Personal Alert Safety System (PASS) device

Front 27

Define supplied-air respirator (SAR)

Back 27

An atmosphere-supplying respirator for which the source of breathing air is not designed to be carried by the user; not certified for fire fighting operations

Front 28

Define Incident Command System (ICS)

Back 28

System by which facilities, equipment, personnel, procedures, and communications are organized to operate within a common organizational structure designed to aid in the management of resources at emergency incidents

Front 29

Define "rehab."

Back 29

Term for a rehabilitation station at a fire or other incident where personnel can rest, rehydrate, and recover from the stresses of the incident.

Front 30

Define "Postincident analysis."

Back 30

General overview and critique of the incident by members of all responding agencies (including dispatchers) that should take place within two weeks of the actual incident.

Front 31

What incident management system do most departments use for all operations?

Back 31

NIMS-ICS

Front 32

What do NFPA 1500 and 1561 require regarding accountability of members? (11)

Back 32

1) Written guidelines for tracking and inventory of all members at an incident

2) Participation by all members in the accountability system

3) An accountability worksheet initiated and maintained by the IC throughout the incident

4) Awareness of the location and function of all companies by the IC

5) Supervision and accountability of all companies by the Branch Directors and Group/Division supervisors

6) Company officers are responsible for all company members

7) Span of control requirements will be used to maintain accountability appropriate to the size/complexity of the incident

8) Access to scene must be controlled

9) Department MUST adopt a personnel accountability system and use it on every emergency incident

10) Procedures must be adopted for evacuating personnel from areas where imminent hazards are found

11) Appointment of an incident safety officer (ISO) is required

Front 33

What's an ISO?

Back 33

Incident Safety Officer

Front 34

What does NFPA 1500 require in terms of health/fitness evaluation? (6)

Back 34

1) Any member under the influence of drugs or alcohol cannot be involved in operations

2) There must be a physical evaluation for all members of the department

3) Members must be verified to be fit to serve every year

4) A confidential health database must be established for each member

5) Fire departments are required to operate an infection control program

6) Departments are required to designate a department physician to guide, direct, and advise members on work-related health, fitness, etc.

Front 35

What must departments provide their members and their members' families in terms of assistance with susbtance abuse, stress, and other problems that have an adverse effect on firefighter job performance?

Back 35

Departments must have a member assistance program in place to assist members and their families.

Front 36

Define "industrial fire brigade."

Back 36

Team of employees organized within a private company, industrial facility, or plant who are assigned to respond to fires and emergencies on that property.

Front 37

How many states have adopted OSHA-approved plans for the regulation of their fire departments?

Back 37

24

Front 38

Has Indiana adopted an OSHA-approved plan?

Back 38

Yes.

Front 39

What are the three IFTSA principles of risk management, and the three key rules?

Back 39

1) Activities that present a significant risk to the safety of members shall be limited to situations where there is a potential to save endangered lives. (Risk a lot to save a lot)

2) Activities that are routinely employed to protect property shall be recognized as inherent risks to the safety of members, and actions shall be taken to avoid these risks

3) No risk to the safety of members shall be acceptable when there is no possibility to save lives or property (risk a little to save a little)

4) Team integrity is vital to safety and must always be emphasized

5) No property is worth the life of a firefighter

6) Firefighters should not be committed to interior offensive fire fighting operations in abandoned or derelict buildings that are known or reasonably believed to be unoccupied.

Front 40

What is the highest fireground priority?

Back 40

Protecting your own life and the life of your crew

Front 41

What are the three main goals of every department's safety policy?

Back 41

1) Prevent human suffering, deaths, injuries, illnesses, and exposures to hazardous atmospheres and contagious diseases

2) Prevent damage to or loss of equipment

3) Reduce the incidence and severity of accidents and hazardous exposures

Front 42

Define "defusing."

Back 42

Informal discussion with incident responders conducted after the incident has been terminated either at the scene or after the units have returned to quarters.

Front 43

What is the purose of "defusing?"

Back 43

Here commanders address possible chemical and medical exposure information, identify damaged equipment and apparatus that require immediate attention, identify unsafe operating procedures, assign information-gathering responsibilities to prepare for the postincident analysis, and reinforce the positive aspects of the incident.

Front 44

If noise levels on the apparatus exceed ___ dB, members must wear hearing protection.

Back 44

90 dB

Front 45

What should you use when mounting and dismounting the apparatus?

Back 45

Handrails. They're everywhere.

Front 46

What are the rules of safety when operating tools? (11)

Back 46

1) Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE)

2) Remove loose clothing and keep long hair clear of operating tool heads.

3) Remove jewelry, including rings and watches.

4) Select the appropriate tool for the job

5) Know the manufacturer's instructions and follow them.

6) Inspect tools before use to determine their conditions

7) Provide adequate storage space for tools and always return them promptly to storage after use.

8) Inspect, clean, and put all tools in a ready state before storing.

9) Consult with and secure the approval of the manufacturer before modifying a tool

10) Use intrinsically safe tools when working in potentially flammable atmospheres such as around a vehicle's fuel system

11) Do not remove safety shields or modify the tool in any way that could compromise built-in safety devices

Front 47

What are some guidelines to follow when using saws? (8)

Back 47

1) Match the saw to the task and the material to be cut

2) Never force a saw beyond its limitations

3) Wear proper PPE, including gloves and vision and hearing protection

4) Remove loose clothing and contain long hair that may become entangled in the saw

5) Have hoselines in place when cutting materials that generate sparks.

6) Avoid using power saws to cool before refueling

7) Keep blades and cutting chains well sharpened.

8) Use extreme caution when operating any saw above eye level.

Front 48

What is a live fire/live burn exercise?

Back 48

Training exercises that involve the use of an unconfined open flame or fire in a structure or other combustible to provide a controlled burning environment

Front 49

What is a burn building?

Back 49

Training structure specially designed to contain live fires for the purpose of fire-suppression training.

Front 50

What is an "evolution?"

Back 50

Operation of fire service training or suppression covering one or several aspects of fire fighting.

Front 51

What are the most important required components of a live fire training? (7)

Back 51

1) Site preparation

2) Safety

3) Prerequisite training

4) Watter supply

5) Training plan

6) Fuel

7) Ventilation

Front 52

What is an "aquired building?"

Back 52

A structure acquired by the authority having jurisdiction from a property owner for the purpose of conducting live fire training or rescue training evolutions

Front 53

What is a "ready state?"

Back 53

The state that all firefighters should maintain. It helps avoid injuries. A ready state is defined as being and having all equipment prepared and ready for use.

Front 54

What are the basic "critical factors" that an IC must size up upon arrival at an incident? (5)

Back 54

1) Life safety hazard

2) Nature and extent of the emergency

3) Building type, arrangement, and access

4) Resources

5) Special hazards

Front 55

After an IC sizes up the critical factors of an incident, what does he do?

Back 55

He considers the most severe factors and the risk management plan to develop a strategy. He will determine an overall defensive or offensive mode. Then he will determine an incident action plan (IAP) and base oll operations around the completion of the tactical priorities within the chosen strategy.

Front 56

What are the four tactical priorities of a structure fire, listed in order from first priority to fourth priority?

Back 56

1) Firefighter safety (life safety)

2) Rescue (life safety)

3) Fire control (incident stabilization)

4) Loss control (property conservation)

Front 57

What are the four benchmarks of completion for the four tactical priorities at the incident scene?

Back 57

1) Personnel Accountability Report (PAR) - all crew accounted for

2) All clear - primary search completed and all savable occupants are rescued

3) Under control - the fire is controlled

4) Loss stopped - property conservation is complete

Front 58

What is "freelancing?"

Back 58

It's a bad idea. It's no-no. It's working on your own on the fireground, not working with your partner, with your team, with your officers.

Front 59

What's a rapid intervention crew (RIC)?

Back 59

Two or more fully equipped and immediately available firefighters designated to stand by outside the hazard zone to enter and effect rescue of firefighters inside if necessary.

Front 60

Define "crowd control."

Back 60

Limiting access to an emergency scene by curious spectators and other non-emergency personnel.

Front 61

List the fundamental rules that you can follow in order to minimize risk on the fireground. (13)

Back 61

1) Work within the IAP

2) Adequately assess the situation and maintain situational awareness.

3) Wear appropriate PPE

4) Work as a team

5) Follow all SOPs

6) Maintain communication with team members and command

7) Do a risk/benefit analysis for every action

8) Employ safe and effective tactics

9) Use a personnel accountability system

10) Have one or more rapid intervention crews (RICs) standing by

11) Set up Rehab on all extended operations

12) Use appropriate emergency escape techniques when needed

13) Maintain company discipline and team integrity while working in the hazard zone

Front 62

What are the most basic rules you must follow when responding to a highway incident? (6)

Back 62

1) Position fire apparatus to block oncoming traffic

2) Turn front wheels of blocking apparatus away from the emergency so that it will not be pushed into the emergency responders if struck

3) Set out traffic cones, signs, or other defices to detour traffic around the emergency scene

4) Turn off lights that face opposing traffic to avoid blinding drivers or distracting them

5) Never walk with your back toward traffic

6) Wear reflective clothing

Front 63

How many lanes should be closed during a highway incident?

Back 63

At least one traffic lane next to the incident should be closed

Front 64

What should you do with family members and friends of victims when they are on scene?

Back 64

Keep them at a distance but let them stay inside the cordoned area UNDER THE SUPERVISION of at least one member of the EMS/Fire/Police crew

Front 65

What are the three "control zones" at an incident?

Back 65

Hot zone (firefighting and rescue operations happen here)

Warm zone (limited access)

Cold zone (support staff stays here)

Front 66

What is a passport system?

Back 66

A system by which an officer can keep track of crew entering and leaving a hazard zone. Before entering the hazard zone, command will designate an AO (accountability officer). Crew will leave their passports/tags at a board or ID chart so the AO can keep track of who has entered and who has exited.

Front 67

What's an SCBA tag/passport system?

Back 67

A system in which the AO (accountability officer) notes time of entry for each crew, and calculates time of exit using the lowest pressure reading he sees on a crew member's SCBA. This way you can tell if crews have been in too long, and can detect trouble early.

Front 68

What are the basic safety rules for interior operation? (7)

Back 68

1) Scan the outside of the building before entry to locate windows and doors that could be used as escape route.

2) Wear full PPE including SCBA

3) Take tools with you

4) Maintain team integrity by remaining in physical, voice, or visual contact with other members of your team.

5) Remain inr adio contact with command or others outside the building

6) Take a hoseline or tag line with you into the hazard zone

7) Pay attention to your surroundings

Front 69

What is "mayday?"

Back 69

International distress signal broadcast by voice

Front 70

If you find yourself separated from your team, what are you supposed to do?

Back 70

Call a mayday

Front 71

What does the acronym IDLH stand for?

Back 71

Immediately dangerous to life or health