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74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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central nervous system
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composed of all nervous tissue contained within the cranium and spinal column
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peripheral nervous system
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composed of all the nervous tissue outside the vertebral column and cranium
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motor impulses start
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in the brain CNS exits spinal cord via the anterior horn (CNS) to periphery via nerves PNS |
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sensory impulses start
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periphery via nerves PNS enters spinal cord via the posterior/dorsal horn (CNS) to brain (CNS) |
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what forms the brachial plexus
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the anterior rami (branches) of spinal nerves C5 through T1
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what is a spinal nerve
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a PNS structure which is located just outside the intervertebral foramen
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what forms the spinal nerve
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the union of the anterior (ventral) and posterior (dorsal) roots of the spinal nerve
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these are nerve fibers from motor neurons which carry motor information - signals for muscles to contract
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motor fibers in anterior roots
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these are nerve fibers originate at sensory receptors in skin joint, etc they carry information from those receptors to the posterior white matter in the spinal cord |
sensory fibers in the posterior roots
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all the motor fibers of one spinal nerve arise from motor neurons in
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one level or segment or the spinal cord
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all the sensory fibers of one spinal nerve enter
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the same segment of the spinal cord
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8
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cervical
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12
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thoracic
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5
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lumbar
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5
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sacral
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1
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coccygeal
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C1-C7 spinal nerves exit vertebral column
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above the corresponding vertebra
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C8 nerve exits
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over T1 vertebra
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C1-C4 innervates neck muscles and diaphragm |
cervical plexus
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C5-T1 innervates UE muscles |
brachial plexus
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L1-S3 innervates LE muscles |
lumbrosacral plexus
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K4
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once it passes through the intervertebral foramen, the spinal nerve almost immediately divides into a
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posterior and anterior branch (ramus)
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except in the thoracic area, the anterior branches (rami) of the spinal nerves join to form networks, each of which is called a
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plexus
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provides sensory and motor innervation for upper extremity
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brachial plexus
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comprosed of anterior branches of spinal nerves C5 to T1
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brachial plexus
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Roots
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C5-T1
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superior trunk
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C5 and C6
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middle trunk
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C7
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inferior trunk
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C8 and T1
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divisisons
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anterior and posterior of each trunk
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cords
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medial lateral posterior |
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peripheral nerves/terminal branches
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Musculocutaneous Axillary Radial Median |
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is formed by fibers from anterior division of upper and middle trunks
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lateral cord
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is formed by fibers of posterior divisions of all three tunks
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posterior cord
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is formed by fibers from anterior division of lower trunk
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medial cord
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fibers from lateral cord
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musculocutaneous nerve
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fibers from posterior cord
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axillary nerve
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fibers from posterior cord
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radial nerve
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fibers form lateral and medial cords
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median nerve
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fibers from medial cord
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ulnar nerve
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C5, C6, C7
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musculocutaneous
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C5, C6
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axillary
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C5, C6, C7, C8, T1
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radial
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C5, C6, C7, C8, T1
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median
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C8, T1
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ulnar
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K12
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axillary nerve muscular innervation |
deltoid teres minor |
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axillary nerve sensory distribution |
lateral arm over lower portion of deltoid
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axillary nerve clinical loss |
loss of shoulder abduction weak shoulder external rotation |
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musculocutaneous nerve muscular innervation |
coracobrachialis biceps brachii brachialis |
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musculocutaneous nerve sensory distribution |
anteorialeral forearm
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musculocutaneous nerve clinical loss |
loss of elbow flexion when supinated weak supination |
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radial nerve muscular innervation |
elbow extensors brachioradials supinator wrist, finger, and thumb extensors |
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radial nerve sensory distribution |
posterior arm, posterior forearm, and radial side of posterior hand
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radial nerve clinical loss |
loss of elbow, wrist, finger, and thumb extension "wrist drop" |
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triceps anconeus brachioradialis supinator extensor carpi radialis longus extensor carpi radialis brevis extensor carpi ulnaris extensor digitorum extensor indicis extensor digiti minimi extensor pollicis longus extensor pollicis brevis abductor pollicis longus |
muscles innervated by radial nerve
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median nerve muscular innervation |
pronators wrist and finger flexors, radial side most thumb muscles |
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median nerve sensory distribution |
palmar aspect of 1st, 2nd, 3rd and radial half of 4th finger
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median nerve clinical loss |
loss of forearm pronation loss of thumb opposition, flexion and abduction: "ape hand" |
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pronator teres pronator quadratus flexor carpi radialis flexor digitorum superficialis flexor digitorum profundus, radial two fingers flexor pollicis longus flexor pollicis brevis abductor pollicis brevis opponens pollicis 1st and 2nd lumbricals |
muscles innervated by median nerve
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ulnar nerve muscular innervation |
flexor capri ulnaris flexor digitorum profundus (median half) interossei 3rd and 4th lumbricales |
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ulnar nerve sensory distribution |
4th finger (median portion) and 5th finger |
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ulnar nerve clinical loss |
loss of wrist ulnar deviation, thumb adduction, most intrinsics weak wrist, finger flexion (especially 4 and 5) |
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flexor capri ulnaris flexor digitorum profundus, ulnar two fingers abductor digiti minimi flexor digiti minimi opponens digiti minimi adductor pollicis all interossei, dorsal and palmar lumbricals, ulnar two digits |
muscles innervated by ulnar nerve
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K17
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PNS structures can be injured by the following
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they are stretched beyond normal limits they are compressed they become ischemic they suffer direct trauma such as from laceration from broken bone, knife, etc |
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K19
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K20
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represent how the sensory fibers form one spinal nerve get carried to different areas of skin, no matter what peripheral nerve brings them there
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dermatomes
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area of skin sensation that is served by one spinal nerve
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dermatome
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the group of muscles innervated by one spinal nerve
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myotome
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K23
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