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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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When does early development of the lung occur? What is the initial sign?
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1) 4th week
2) laryngotracheal diverticulum from ventral wall of primitive forgut |
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What closes off the laryngotracheal diverticulum from the forgut?
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tracheoesophageal folds from the mesoderm
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Where do laryngeal epithelium and glands come from?
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endoderm
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Laryngeal muscles are derived from what? What are they innervated by?
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1) somitomeric mesoderm of pharyngeal arches 4 and 6
2) superior laryngeal and recurrent laryngeal nerves from vagus |
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Where do tracheal glands and epithelium come from?
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endoderm
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Thyroid cartilage is derived from what?
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mesoderm of pharyngeal arches 4 and 6
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Where are the cricoid, arytenoid, corniculate and cuneiform cartilages derived?
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mesoderm of pharyngeal arches 4 and 6
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Tracheal smooth muscle, CT, and cartilage rings come from?
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mesoderm
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What is generally associated with tracheoesophageal fistula? what causes it?
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1) esophageal atresia and polyhydraminos
2) failure of tracheoesophageal septum to form |
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What is the most common tracheoesophageal fistula?
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proximal esophageal atresia with a fistula between distal end of esophagous and trachea
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While crying a baby develops a distended abdomen. What is causing it?
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tracheoesophageal fistula
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primary bronchi form in what week?
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5th week
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where are bronchial epithelium and glands derived from?
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endoderm
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Bronchial smooth muscle, CT, cartilage are derived from?
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visceral mesoderm
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what supplies a bronchopulmonary segment?
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tertiary or segmental bronchus
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What do surgeons look at to remove parts of a lung instead of a whole lobe?
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bronchopulmonary segments
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What causes congenital neonatal emphysema?
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collapsed bronchi from failure of bronchial cartilage development
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What causes congenital bronchial cysts? How are they recognized on x-ray?
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1) dilation of bronchi that fill with air or fluid
2) honeycomb appearance |
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What direction does the lung develop? Why is lung development termed heterogeneous?
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1) proximal to distal
2) because some of the tissue will be more developed than distal portions |
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When is the glandular period of lung development?
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5-17 weeks
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When is the canalicular period of lung development? What occurs?
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1) 13-25 weeks
2) respiratory and terminal sacs form |
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Can fetuses less than 20 weeks survive?
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very rarely
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When is the terminal sac period of lung development?
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24 weeks to birth
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Type I and II pneumocytes appear at what week?
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24
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At stage of lung development do type I pneumocytes make contact with capillaries?
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terminal sac period week 24 to birth
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In what weeks can premature fetuses begin to survive?
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25 and 28 weeks
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When is the alveolar period of lung development?
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week 29 to age 8
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When does the alveolar period of lung development end?
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8
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After birth what is responsible for increased lung size?
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increased number of respiratory bronchioles and terminal sacs
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What do terminal sacs become?
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alveolar ducts and alveoli
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Why is an infant chest x ray denser than that of an adults?
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fewer mature alveoli
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What hormones promote surfactant release?
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cortisol and thyroxine
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RDS is common in mothers with what condition?
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diabetes
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hyaline membrane disease results in infants that are what?
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1) asphyxiated
2) histologically alveoli are collapsed and contain an eosinophilic fluid that resembles hyaline |
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Is unilateral agenesis compatible with life?
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yes
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what is pulmonary hypoplasia commonly associated with?
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1) congenital diaphragmatic hernia which compresses lung
2) B/L renal agenesis which results in oligohydraminos increasing pressure on fetal thorax |
