Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
artificial classification
|
classification system based on observabe characteristics of plants
|
|
|
natural classification
|
classification system based on evolutionary relationships, Phylogenetic tree
|
|
|
pediole
|
leaf stalk
|
|
|
taxonomy heirarchy
|
kingdom phylum class order family genus species
|
|
|
biological species
|
groups of actually or potentially interbreeding populations which are reproductively isolated from other such groups. ability to pass genes
|
|
|
subspecies
|
ssp. a varieation within species--> geographic isolation
|
|
|
variety
|
var, no geographic separation like subspecies
|
|
|
species name =
|
Genus + specific epithet
|
|
|
branching patterns (3)
|
opposite, alternate, whorled
|
|
|
why give organisms names? (2)
|
- communication
- enabling a higher synthesis |
|
|
margin
|
edge of leaf
|
|
|
peduncle
|
stalk of a solitary flower or entire inflorescence
|
|
|
pedicel
|
stalk of a single flower within an inflorescence
|
|
|
receptacle
|
shoot tip upon which flower parts sit
|
|
|
sepal
|
outermost whorl, typically green, protects petals. has 3 vascular systems
|
|
|
petal
|
in between sepals and stamens, usually colorful/showy to attract polinators. fleshy, has 1 vascular system
|
|
|
calyx
|
all sepals
|
|
|
corolla
|
all petals
|
|
|
tepal
|
when sepals and petals cannot be distinguished, called tepals
|
|
|
stamen
|
androecium
|
|
|
stamen is composed of:
|
anther and filament
|
|
|
pistil
|
gynoecium
|
|
|
pistil is composed of:
|
stigma, style, ovary
|
|
|
carpel
|
basic unit of pistil with ovary, style, and stigma
|
|
|
locule
|
spaces within ovary, often separated within septa
|
|
|
septa
|
walls separating locules within ovary
|
|
|
hypogynus
|
ovary is superior to receptacle
|
|
|
perigynous
|
ovary within receptacle
|
|
|
epigynous
|
ovary underneath recepatcle
|
|
|
blueberry is an example of a:
|
berry
|
|
|
pome
|
accessory fruit from compound pistil or calyx
|
|
|
apple is an example of a:
|
pome
|
|
|
drupe
|
fleshy mesocarp, hard endocarp.
|
|
|
cherry is an example of a:
|
drupe
|
|
|
achene
|
1 seeded dry fruit. pericarp with no pulp
|
|
|
a sunflower seed is an example of:
|
an achene
|
|
|
seed
|
mature (fertilized) ovary in dormant state. contains embryo and nutrient tissue
|
|
|
caryopsis
|
grain, "bran" exocarp
|
|
|
wheat, millet, and barley are examples of:
|
caryopsis
|
|
|
nut
|
hard pericarp. ovary wall is lignified and scarlified
|
|
|
samara
|
winged exocarp. wind born. papery and elongated
|
|
|
legume
|
pericarp pod splits in two halves
|
|
|
a green bean is an example of a:
|
legume
|
|
|
follicle
|
pericarp splits on only one side
|
|
|
milkweed is an example of:
|
a follicle
|
|
|
aggregate fruit
|
multiple carpels. druplets of single flower (each is one carplel)
|
|
|
a raspberry is an example of:
|
an aggregate fruit
|
|
|
multiple fruit
|
fusion of an inflorescence into a single fruit
|
|
|
a pineapple is an example of:
|
a multiple fruit
|
|
|
cone
|
multiple "fruit" of gymnosperm
|
|
|
accessory fruit
|
contains other floral part (calyx, receptacle) in addition to ovary. if ovary is inferior will be accessory fruit
|
|
|
strawberry is an example of
|
an accessory fruit
|
|
|
a blackberry is an example of
|
an aggregate accessory fruit
|
|
|
father of scientific botany
|
theophrastus
|
|
|
monophyletic grouping
|
clade group. all share unique common ancestor
|
|
|
paraphyletic grouping
|
give a label to a clade but exclude one member
|
|
|
polyphyletic grouping
|
hodge podge: not really a group, pick a few and exclude a few
|
|
|
rooted
|
a tree that has a common ancestor and outgroup
|
|
|
cladogram
|
tree where branch lengths are not porprtional to evolutionary differences
|
