Botany Exam I

Front 1

Chemoautotrophs

Back 1

Self-feeding organisms that rely on chemicals, not sunlight

Front 2

Macrofilaments

Back 2

Fills space between cell walls

Front 3

Phycoplast

Back 3

A system of microtubules that develops between the two daughter nuclei, parallel to the plane of cell division. Phycoplasts occur only in green algae of the class Chlorophyceae

Front 4

Phragmoplast

Back 4

A spindle-shaped system of microtubules that arises between two daughter nuclei at telophase and within which the cell plate is formed during cell division, or cytokinesis. Phragmoplasts are found in all green algae except members of the class Chlorophyceae and in all plants

Front 5

Plasmodesmada

Back 5

The minute cytoplasmic threads that extend through openings in cell walls and connect the protoplasts of adjacent living cells

Front 6

Symplastic Transport

Back 6

Via plasmodesmata

Front 7

Apoplastic Transport

Back 7

Via cellulose, cell walls

Front 8

Transcellular Transport

Back 8

Across cell membrane (Different from symplastic transportation in that it must cross a barrier)

Front 9

Xylem

Back 9

A complex vascular tissue through which most of the water and minerals of a plant are conducted; characterized by the presence of tracheary elements

Front 10

Phloem

Back 10

The food-conducting tissue of vascular plants; composed of sieve elements, various kinds of parenchyma cells, fibers, and sclereids

Front 11

Mycorrhizae

Back 11

Means "fungus roots"; intimate and mutually beneficial symbiotic associations between fungi and roots; characteristic of most vascular plants. They benefit their host plants by increasing the plants' ability to capture water and essential elements (especially phosphorus) and also provides some amount of protection. In return, it receives from the host plant carbohydrates and vitamins essential for its growth

Front 12

Endomycorrhizae

Back 12

Mycorrhizas in which the fungal hyphae penetrate the cortical cells of the plant root, where they form branched sructures, the arbuscules

Front 13

Ectomycorrhizae

Back 13

Mycorrhizas in which the fungus does not penetrate living cells in the roots. The hyphae grow between the cells of the root epidermis and cortex, forming a highly branched network called the Hartig net. The hyphae also form a mantle, or sheath, that covers the root surface

Front 14

Hyphae

Back 14

A single tubular filament of a fungus. The hyphae together compromise the mycelium

Front 15

Septate

Back 15

Divided by cross walls into cells or compartments

Front 16

Aseptate

Back 16

Nonseptate; lacking cross walls

Front 17

Casparian Strip

Back 17

Restricts apoplastic transport. Is made up of wax and suberin, hydrophobic material

Front 18

Parenchyma

Back 18

Are the most numerous types of cells. Are living primary cell walls (mostly). Aid in photosynthesis, storage, and secretion and are loaded with sugar

Front 19

Collenchyma

Back 19

Are living primary cell walls. They are in bands or cylinders of cells. Give support and protection. Have unequally thickened cell walls

Front 20

Sulerenchyma

Back 20

Dead (they have lost protoplast), are thick secondary cells walls, lignified. They are hard and meant to provide protection

Front 21

Meristem

Back 21

Embryonic tissue regions, primarily concerned with formation of new cells