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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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plant cells have these opposed to other cells
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cell walls, plastids, vacuoles
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parenchyma cells
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thin walled, varying in size, shape, and function-most common type of plant cell. involved in photosynthesis, assimilation, and storage
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collenchyma cells
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thick walls, support
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schlerenchyma
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thick walls, support
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plastid
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stores and manufactures carbohydrates
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proplastid
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chloroplast-green(photosynthesis), chromoplast-red, yellow, blue, leucoplast-colorless, amyloplast-starch storing
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cytoplasmic streaming or cyclosis
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the continuous movement of cytoplasm that exchanges materials around the vacuole, cytoplasmic bridges-movement across vacuole
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prophase
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condensed chromosomes, nuclear envelope disappears
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metaphase
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centromeres align at equator, spindles develop between poles
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anaphase
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two chromatids seperate toward poles
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telophase
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cell plate grows outward from the center, chromosomes become longer and thinner
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interphase
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cytoplasm divides, DNA replication occurs
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in what region of a root tip does mitosis occur?
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apical meristem
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cortex
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tissue located between epidermis and vascular tissue (food storage)
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casparian strips
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fat around pericycle (waterproofer)
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pericycle
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produces lateral roots
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stele
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central vascular system (xylem+phloem)
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xylem
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vascular system that transports water and minerals
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phloem
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vascular system that transports water and organic solutes (sugar, carbs)
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monocot
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fibrous root sytem, vascular bundles in a ring, has a cortex and pith, no vascular cambium, has ground tissue
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dicot
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tap root system, vascular bundle in center, has a vascular cambium
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stomata
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two guard cells that regulate gas exchange and transpiration
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myth
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hypotheses become theories which become laws (not all laws have theories, and theories never become laws)
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myth
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hypothesis=educated guess (it is a prediction)
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myth
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a universal scientific method exists
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myth
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evidence will result in sure knowledge
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myth
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science provides absolute truth
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myth
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science is procedural more than creative
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myth
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science can answer all questions
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myth
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scientists are objective
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myth
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experiments are the route to knowledge
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characteristics of life
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growth, reproduction, response to stimuli, metabolism, movement, organizational complexity, adaptation
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matter
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occupies space, has mass, composed of elements
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atoms
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smallest stable subdivision of an element
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isotope
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elements that have the same properties but differ in the number of NEUTRONS
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molecule
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two or more atoms
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element
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composed of one kind of atom, 100s exist
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compound
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composed of 2+ elements
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ionic bond
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transfer of outer shell electrons
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covalent bond
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sharing of outter shell electrons (strongest bond)
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hydrogen bond
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weak attractive force between molecules
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acid
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release hydrogen atoms when dissolved in water, <7
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base
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release hydroxyl ions when dissolved in water, >7
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hydrolysis
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hydrogen becomes attached to one monomer and a hydroxyl group to the other
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fat molecule
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glycerol+fatty acid
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protein
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polypeptide, chain of amino acids
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nucleic acid
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polymer, involved in internal communication and cell functioning
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plasmodismata
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straws that connect cells together
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endoplasmic reticulum
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protein synthesis, lipid secretion
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dictysomes
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carbohydrates are packaged in ER, polysaccarides are assembled,
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mitochondria
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cellular respiration
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plant growth
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osmosis-cell expansion, mitosis-cell division
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apical meristems
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roots and shoots, primary growth, protoderm-epidermis, ground meristem-ground tissue, procambrium-xylem and phloem
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auxin
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expands cell wall, osmosis elongates cells, produced by apical meristem, involved in the process of phototropism
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phototropism
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plants lean towards light
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lateral meristems
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secondary growth (width)
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periderm
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replaces epidermis in woody plants, produced by cork cambium
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lenticels
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allow exchange of gases
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root cap
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parenchyma cells cover root tip to protect it
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pericycle
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inner boundary of endodermis, produces lateral roots
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mutualistic relationships with roots
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mycorrhizae-fungi (phosporus is given to the plant, plant gives sugar to fungus), root nodules-bacteria (bacteria gives plant nitrogen)
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stems
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radial symmetry, interdeterminate growth (unlimited growth), long lived (main stem grows throughout plant's life)
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stem development
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apical meristem->mitosis->3 primary meristems develop (protoderm, procambrium, ground meristem)
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vascular cambium
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produces secondary xylem and phloem in stems and roots
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one year's growth of xylem
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annual ring
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heartwood
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old, darker wood at center where xylem is dead
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sapwood
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lighter, functioning xylem closest to cambium (no sugar here)
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bark
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all the tissues outside the cambium, including primary and secondary phloem
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mitosis
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nuclear division, includes in this order-prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis(2 daughter cells formed)
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interphase
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includes in this order-G1, S, G2
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