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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
echinacea general
|
activates cytokines
increased IL, TNF anti-inflammatory |
|
echinacea use
|
fresh pressed juice w/in 24 hr onset
increase immune function decrease duration and intensity of common cold |
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echinacea AE
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unpleasant taste, GI, H, dizziness
|
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ephedra general
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contains:
ephedrine: prescription pseudoephedrine: OTC decongestant |
|
ephedra mech
|
indirect sympathomimetics
release NE from nerve endings |
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ephedra use
|
decongestant
bronchitis asthma cold/flu (china) CNS stimulant weight loss and athletic feats |
|
ephedra AE
|
insomnia
dizziness anorexia palpitation tachycardia flushing urinary retension OVERDOSE: inc BP arrhythmias toxic psychosis |
|
ephedra CI
|
arrhythmias
hyperthyroid CHF HTN glaucoma pregnancy DM bulemia anxiety |
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garlic general
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thiosulfate which forms allicin (characteristic smell)
|
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garlic mech and use
|
allicin decreases HMG-CoA
decreases cholesterol, BP, plaque formation decreases platelet aggregation increases NO fibrinolytic antimicrobial decreases carcinogenic activation |
|
garlic AE
|
allergic rxn
hypotension nausea drug interactions w/anticoag/antiplatelet |
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ginko general and mech
|
glycosides and terpenoids constituents
acts as an antioxidant and free radical scavenging increase NO formation reduces blood viscosity changes neurotransmitters |
|
ginko use
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intermittent claudication
cerebral insufficiency dementia cognitive impairment pretreatment in CABG (decreases oxidative stress) |
|
ginko AE
|
epileptogenic (NOT FOR EPILEPSY)
insomnia headache anxiety GI drug interactions w/anticoag/antiplatelet |
|
ginseng
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triterpenoid saponin glycoside constituent
|
|
ginseng use
|
improves mental performance
improves physical performance some effect in DM some immune modulating effects agonistic effect on estrogen |
|
ginseng AE
|
mastalgia
vaginal bleeding nervousness insomnia anxiety HTN drug interactions w/anticoag, antiHTN, hypoglycemics, psychiatric |
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milk thistle general
|
silymarin (flavonoligans) constituents
|
|
milk thistle effects
|
decrease lipid peroxidation
increase free radical scavenging increase superO dismutase decreases LT formation increase hepatic RNA pol activity |
|
milk thistle use
1 rare AE |
cytoprotective for liver against:
1. alcohol 2. acetominophen 3. amanita mushroom poisoning AE: loose stools (rare) |
|
st. john's wort general and effects
|
hypericin and hyperforin constituents
hyperforin: decrease serotonergic reuptake *similar to SSRI and TCA (chronic use causes down regulation of adrenoreceptors and up-regulation of 5HT receptors) |
|
st john's wort use
|
mild to moderate depression
photoactivated hypericin may have anti-viral/cancer effects |
|
st john's wort AE
|
mild GI
photosensitivity (sunburn) drug interactions w/MAOI, SSRI interactions w/h/o bipolar or psychosis induces cP450, so decreases: OC cyclosporine dig PI warfarin |
|
saw palmetto general effects
|
photosterols, aliphatic alcohols,
polyprenes, flavinoids constituents decrease 5a-reductase androgen antagonist |
|
saw palmetto use
|
BPH
some improvement in urine flow and urologic function |
|
saw palmetto AE
|
GI
decrease libido HTN headache |
|
coenzyme Q10 (ubiquinone) general
effects |
cofactor for mitochondrial e- transport
reduced form (ubiquinol) antioxidant |
|
coenzyme Q10 (ubiquinone) use
|
small decrease in BP
CAD and chronic stable angina slows early PARKINSONS slows migraine attacks |
|
coenzyme Q10 (ubiquinone) AE
|
rash
thrombocytopenia irritability headache dizziness |
|
glucosamine general
|
sugar nitrogen - major component of
glycosaminoglycans - which is a major component of connective tissue such as cartilage |
|
glucosamine effects
|
treatment and pain of osteoarthritis
|
|
glucosamine AE
|
rare
GI (N,V) allergy |
|
melatonin (serotonin derivative)
|
HORMONE of DARKNESS
(released while sleeping) studied for tx of: cancer, immune, CVS, depression, seasonal affective disorder, circadian rhythm sleep disorders, sexual dysfunction |
|
melatonin effects
|
improves sleep onset, sleep duration,
sleep quality, sleep pattern helps jet lag, insomnia |
|
melatonin AE / CI
|
AE:
sedation following-day drowsiness decrease LH surge decrease sperm quality CI: pregnancy lactation |