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35 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
echinacea general
activates cytokines
increased IL, TNF
anti-inflammatory
echinacea use
fresh pressed juice w/in 24 hr onset
increase immune function
decrease duration and intensity of common cold
echinacea AE
unpleasant taste, GI, H, dizziness
ephedra general
contains:
ephedrine: prescription
pseudoephedrine: OTC decongestant
ephedra mech
indirect sympathomimetics
release NE from nerve endings
ephedra use
decongestant
bronchitis
asthma
cold/flu (china)
CNS stimulant
weight loss and athletic feats
ephedra AE
insomnia
dizziness
anorexia
palpitation
tachycardia
flushing
urinary retension
OVERDOSE:
inc BP
arrhythmias
toxic psychosis
ephedra CI
arrhythmias
hyperthyroid
CHF
HTN
glaucoma
pregnancy
DM
bulemia
anxiety
garlic general
thiosulfate which forms allicin (characteristic smell)
garlic mech and use
allicin decreases HMG-CoA
decreases cholesterol, BP, plaque formation
decreases platelet aggregation
increases NO
fibrinolytic
antimicrobial
decreases carcinogenic activation
garlic AE
allergic rxn
hypotension
nausea
drug interactions w/anticoag/antiplatelet
ginko general and mech
glycosides and terpenoids constituents
acts as an antioxidant and free radical scavenging
increase NO formation
reduces blood viscosity
changes neurotransmitters
ginko use
intermittent claudication
cerebral insufficiency
dementia
cognitive impairment
pretreatment in CABG (decreases oxidative stress)
ginko AE
epileptogenic (NOT FOR EPILEPSY)
insomnia
headache
anxiety
GI
drug interactions w/anticoag/antiplatelet
ginseng
triterpenoid saponin glycoside constituent
ginseng use
improves mental performance
improves physical performance
some effect in DM
some immune modulating effects
agonistic effect on estrogen
ginseng AE
mastalgia
vaginal bleeding
nervousness
insomnia
anxiety
HTN
drug interactions w/anticoag,
antiHTN, hypoglycemics,
psychiatric
milk thistle general
silymarin (flavonoligans) constituents
milk thistle effects
decrease lipid peroxidation
increase free radical scavenging
increase superO dismutase
decreases LT formation
increase hepatic RNA pol activity
milk thistle use
1 rare AE
cytoprotective for liver against:
1. alcohol
2. acetominophen
3. amanita mushroom poisoning
AE: loose stools (rare)
st. john's wort general and effects
hypericin and hyperforin constituents
hyperforin:
decrease serotonergic reuptake
*similar to SSRI and TCA
(chronic use causes down
regulation of adrenoreceptors and
up-regulation of 5HT receptors)
st john's wort use
mild to moderate depression
photoactivated hypericin may have
anti-viral/cancer effects
st john's wort AE
mild GI
photosensitivity (sunburn)
drug interactions w/MAOI, SSRI
interactions w/h/o bipolar or psychosis
induces cP450, so decreases:
OC
cyclosporine
dig
PI
warfarin
saw palmetto general effects
photosterols, aliphatic alcohols,
polyprenes, flavinoids constituents
decrease 5a-reductase
androgen antagonist
saw palmetto use
BPH
some improvement in urine flow and
urologic function
saw palmetto AE
GI
decrease libido
HTN
headache
coenzyme Q10 (ubiquinone) general
effects
cofactor for mitochondrial e- transport
reduced form (ubiquinol) antioxidant
coenzyme Q10 (ubiquinone) use
small decrease in BP
CAD and chronic stable angina
slows early PARKINSONS
slows migraine attacks
coenzyme Q10 (ubiquinone) AE
rash
thrombocytopenia
irritability
headache
dizziness
glucosamine general
sugar nitrogen - major component of
glycosaminoglycans - which is a
major component of connective
tissue such as cartilage
glucosamine effects
treatment and pain of osteoarthritis
glucosamine AE
rare
GI (N,V)
allergy
melatonin (serotonin derivative)
HORMONE of DARKNESS
(released while sleeping)
studied for tx of:
cancer, immune, CVS, depression,
seasonal affective disorder,
circadian rhythm sleep disorders,
sexual dysfunction
melatonin effects
improves sleep onset, sleep duration,
sleep quality, sleep pattern
helps jet lag, insomnia
melatonin AE / CI
AE:
sedation
following-day drowsiness
decrease LH surge
decrease sperm quality
CI:
pregnancy
lactation