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286 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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When using the Fite procedure, mycobacteria are stained:
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red
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Which of the following will bind to acid mucosubstances and may then be demonstrated by the Prussian blue reaction?
a) diastase b) dimedone c) colloidal iron d) hyaluronidase |
c) colloidal iron
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Parallel sections are stained with PAS, one with and one without diastase digestion. When the staining results are evaluated, the digested section demonstrates:
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sites where glycogen was removed
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Which of the following pigments is birefringent?
a) formalin b) bile c) lipofuscin d) melanin |
a) formalin
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Acid mucosubstances and neutral mucosubstances can be differentiated by stained with both:
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alcian blue and PAS
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In the colloidal iron method of staining, the principle of the reaction is believed to be the formation of an ionic bond between ferric iron and the free carboxyl group of the:
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acid mucopolysaccharides
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In order to suppress background and non-specific staining, a Congo red solution frequently contains:
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sodium chloride
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In metachromatic staining, the strong acid mucosubstances can be distinguished from weakly-acid mucosubstances by varying the:
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pH
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The PAS reaction is useful for the demonstration of:
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neutral mucopolysaccharides
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A section of muscle has been stained with the Verhoeff-van Gieson procedure. Microscopic excamination shows blue-black nuclei, pale pink collagen, and unstained muscle fibers. The significance of these results is that the:
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picric acid was too dilute
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A lymph node is stained with a silver method for reticulin and counterstained with nuclear fast red. After dehydration, there is a film over the entire slide that remains through clearing and coverslipping. The most likely cause is that the:
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slides were not rinsed with water after counterstaining
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Yellow-brown pigment, often found in cardiac muscle and liver cells in increasing amounts with age or debilitated states, is known as:
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lipofuscin
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Hemosiderin, hemoglobin, and bile pigment are classified as what type of pigments?
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endogenous pigments
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The most appropriate hematoxylin solution for nuclear staining in a lengthy procedure that uses several very acidic solutions is one that is mordanted with:
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iron
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A modified phosphotungstic acid-hematoxylin procedure can be used to demonstrate:
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glial fibers
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Which of the following is an argyrophil method?
a) Fontana-Masson b) Gomori-Burtner c) Grimelius d) Weigert iron hematoxylin |
Grimelius
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In the Bodian technique, interference with primary staining may occur with prolonged treatment in:
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oxalic acid
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The staining intensity of eosin is increased in muscle and red blood cells when tissues are fixed in:
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Zenker solution
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The laboratory has used all of the supply of aluminum hematoxylin solution. In order to prepare a new solution for immediate use, the solution must be:
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chemically oxidized
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A commonly used connective tissue procedure that stains collagen blue is:
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Massin trichrome
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When using the cresyl echt violet method, Nissl substances and nuclei can be preferentially stained by varying the degree of differentiation and the:
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solution pH
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Muscle that histologically contains cytoplasmic cross-striations and has multple nuclei located at the edge of the fibers is classifed as:
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skeletal
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A method for demonstrating nucleic acids in which DNA stains green and RNA stains red, is:
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methyl green-pyronin
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An effective counterstain following some silver impregnantion procedures is:
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light green
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The Fontana-Masson technique may be used to stain:
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melanin
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Which of the following is a regressive staining method for demonstrating a connective tissue component?
a) Verhoeff-van Gieson b) Mallory aniline blue c) Masson trichrome d) Wilder reticulin |
Verhoeff-van Gieson
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The differentiation solution in the Holzer method for glial fibers is:
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aniline oil-chloroform
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Whihc of the following staining procedures is preferred for demonstrating intracytoplasmic DNA-type viral inclusions in tissue?
a) phloxine-methylene blue b) Feulgen c) PTAH d) Warthin-Starry |
b) Feulgen
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A solvent that is commonly used in oil red O and Sudan black B solutions to prevent the loss of lipids during fat staining is:
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propylene glycol
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In the Verhoeff-van Gieson technique for demonstrating elastic fibers, the Verhoeff staining solution may be used for a few:
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hours
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A Ziehl-Neelsen procedure is done on a lung granuloma, but no acid-fast organisms are demonstrated. It would be wise to verify the absence of these organisms by using which of the following procedures?
a) Grocott methenamine silver b) Truant auramine-rhodamine c) Warthin-Starry d) Gram |
b) Truant auramine-rhodamine
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Microscopic inspection of a PAS-stained control section for fungi reveals very palely stained fungal organisms, making identification difficult. A likely cause for this problem is the:
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use of depleated Schiff reagent
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A methyl green-pyronin procedure is done on a formalin fixed section of tissue, but there is no evident RNA. Unless the procedure has been modified for formalin fixation, which of the following fixatives would have given more desirable results in this situation?
a) Bouin b) Carnoy c) Zenker d) Zamboni |
b) Carnoy
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Examples of natural dyes are:
a) hematoxylin, eosin, methylene blue b) aniline blue, carmine, and hematoxylin c) crystal violet, methyl green, and indigo d) hematoxylin, carmine, and indigo |
d) hematoxylin, carmine, and indigo
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A chemical that will bleach melanin is:
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hydrogen peroxide
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Which of the following characteristics of ammoniacal silver solutions may cause tissue sections to was off during impregnantion?
a) osmotic pressure b) alkalinity c) concentration d) temperature |
b) alkalinity
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The primary staining solution used in the Schmorl technique contains ferric chloride and potassium:
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ferricyanide
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Which of the following procedures stains fibrin blue, nuclei blue, and collagen red?
a) Gomori aldehyde fuchsin b) Mallory PTAH c) Gomori one step trichrome d) PAS-hematoxylin |
b) Mallory PTAH
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In the Verhoeff-van Gieson technique for demonstrating elastic fibers, the Verhoeff staining solution is made when?
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made fresh before each use
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Microscopic revie of a section stained with Warthin-Starry technique shows the spirochetes stained yellow. The most likely cause of this problem is:
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underdeveloping
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Argentaffin cells found in the epithelium of the stomach and intestines are known as which of the following cells:
a) amphophilic b) enterochromaffin c) absorptive d) Paneth |
b) enterochromaffin
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Which of the following substances is used in acid-fast staining procedures to enhance carbolfuchsin staining and aid in dissolving the fuchsin dye?
a) HCl acid b) methylene blue c) phenol d) water |
c) phenol
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True epithelial cells lining ventricles and the spinal canal are called:
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ependymal
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Solutions of anionic dyes in picric acid are used to demonstrate:
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collagen
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Which of the following pigments can be stained with Sudan black B and carbol fuchsin?
a) bilirubin b) hemoglobin c) lipofuscin d) melanin |
c) lipofuscin
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Transitional epithelium refers to:
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urothelium
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Microscopic evaluation of a Brown and Brenn-stained control section shows the presence of gram-positive organisms, but no gram-negative organisms. This problem is most likely caused by:
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overdifferentiation in picric acid-acetone
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Which of the following elastic stains perform well after any fixative, gives intense black staining of coarse fibers, must be differentiated microscopically, and gives permanent results with little fading?
a) PTAH b) Verhoeff c) Weigert d) Masson |
b) Verhoeff
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The addition of thymol crystals to staining solutions used for demonstrating microorganisms serves to:
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inhibit mold growth
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A technique that can be used to demonstrate lipids in paraffin sections is:
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fixation with osmium tetroxide
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The reducing agent in diamine silver procedures for reticulin demonstration is most frequently:
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formaldehyde
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The basic component of the central nervous system is the:
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neuron
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Which of the following combination of stains will demonstrate both the myelin sheath and nerve fibers?
a) gallocyanine and Bodian b) Nonidez and Bielschowsky c) Luxol fast blue and Holmes d) Sevier-Munger and thionin |
c) Luxol fast blue and Holmes
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A silver impregnation technique for demonstrating neurofibrils that ues formalin asa reducing agent is the ___ technique.
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Gros-Bielschowsky
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The most consistently reliable technique for demonstrating fungi in tissues is the:
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Grocott methanamine silver
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In addition to hematoxylin and potassium or ammonium alum, a traditional solution of Mayer hematoxylin contains:
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sodium iodate, chloral hydrate and citric acid
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For light microscopic evaluation it is generally necessary to use special stains to demonstrate fungi in tissue sections because fungi:
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are never stained with routine procedures
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Which of the following staining procedures is most suitable for demonstrating general tissue morphology?
a) PAS b) Verhoeff-van Gieson c) hematoxylin and eosin d) Wilder reticulin |
c) hematoxylin and eosin
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The sequence of an exogenous pigment is:
a) argentaffin b) melanin c) chromaffin d) carbon |
d) carbon
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The sequence of reactions in the Wilder and Snook ammoniacal silver methods for demonstrating reticulin fibers is:
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oxidation, sensitization, reduction, silver impregnation
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The Gomori ammoniacal silver technique for demonstrating reticulin will also demonstrate:
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small brain capillaries
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The largest portion of the brain is the:
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cerebrum
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Hemosiderin-laden microphages present in the alveolar spaces of the lung can be distinguished from other pigmented macrophages by staining with:
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Prussian blue
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The pigment commonly known as "wear and tear" pigment or "brown atrophy" is:
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lipofuscin
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To properly classify bone, it may be described as:
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cancellous and compact
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Melanin is normally found in the:
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skin
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A gram stain has been done ona reactive, inflammatory lymph node, and the background structures are stained intense red, making identification of gram-negative organisms very difficult. This is most likely due to:
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poor differentiation with picric acid-acetone
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Which of the following acids in an alcoholic solution is most commonly used to differentiate aluminum-hematoxylin stained sections?
a) formic b) hydrochloric c) sulfuric d) acetic |
b) hydrochloric
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In the orcinol-new fuchsin technique, elastic fibers stain:
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deep violet tinged with brown
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Which of the following is a metachromatic stain used for identifying neurons and neuroglial cells?
a) aniline blue b) luxol fast blue c) toluidine blue d) Giemsa |
c) toluidine blue
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Connective tissue proper refers to tissue composed of:
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collagen, reticulin, and elastin
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A staining method used to demonstrate microglia is:
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Del Rio-Hortega
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The purpose of iodine in Gram procedures for staining bacteria is to:
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form a dye lake with crystal violet
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The terms "squamous", "cuboidal", and "columnar" describe cells that have their origin in which tissue?
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epithelial
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The atomic grouping within a dye that gives it its color is called a(n):
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chromophore
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In which of the following staining methods for nerve fibers is hydroquinone used?
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Bodian
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The reagen used for adjusting the pH to 3.4 in the Gomori trichrome stain solution for use on frozen sections of muscle is 1 N:
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NaOH
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The purpose of classifying bacteria as either gram-positive or gram-negative is to:
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determine susceptibility of organisms for certain treatment
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Which of the following chemicals is used as both a mordant and a differentiator in the Heidenhain hematoxylin procedure for deomstrating amebae?
a) mercuric chloride b) chromium aluminum sulfate c) aluminum ammonium sulfate d) ferric ammonium sulfate |
d) ferric ammonium sulfate
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Fixation of tissues for 2 weeks in which of the following will most likely impair nuclear staining?
a) NBF b) Zenker solution c) paraformaldehyde d) glyoxal |
b) Zenker solution
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A researcher wishes to differentiate the different types of granulocytes in a tissue section. The stain of choice is a ___ stain.
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Romanowsky
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A substance that has the ability to both bind silver and reduce it to a visible metallic form is said to be:
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argentaffin
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After H&E staining, the cytoplasm in a tissue section appears hazy, obscure and contrasts poorly with the nuclei. The most likely cause is that:
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slides were not differentiated properly in alcohol
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Rinsing in alcohol or water after primary stain application should be avoided in the thionin method for demonstrating Nissl substance because:
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the primary stain will be removed
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Microscopic review of auramine-rhodamine stained control slides will reveal:
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mycobacteria
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A dye in which the coloring elements are found in the anionic portion of the compound is a:
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acid dye
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The Stein and Hall techniques are based on the conversion of bile pigment to:
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biliverdin
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The acid used in the Prussian blue reaction is:
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hydrochloric
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Areolar connective tissue isalso known as:
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loose connective tissue
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A hematoxylin solution that is only used progressively is:
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Mayer
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Nuclei stained with a new Harris hematoxylin solution are predominately red and imprecisely outlined. This is most likely because of the use of:
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incompletely oxideized hematoxylin
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In the Hall method, Fouchet reagent is used to demonstrate:
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bile
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Chronic Renal Failure Nursing Diagnoses
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Fluid volume excess
High risk for fluid volume deficit (diuretic phase) Risk for infection Altered nutrition: < body requirements Sensory-perceptual alterations Altered thought processes Fatigue Anxiety |
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Microscopic examination of an H&E-stained section shows a pink artifact surrounding the tissue and in tissue spaces. The most probable cause of this artifact it:
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surplus adhesive on the slide
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In the Mallory phosphotungstic acid-hematoxylin (PTAH) method, skeletal muscle striations stain:
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blue
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Acidophilic tissue components that should appear stained different shades of pink following H&E staining are:
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muscle, collagen, and erythrocytes
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In order for the Gram stain to work properly, it is important to apply the mordant:
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after the crystal violet
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Which of the following methods use a methenamine solution?
a) Foot-Bielschowsky and Bodian b) Wilder and Snook c) Jones and Gomori d) Gridley and Laidlaw |
c) Jones and Gomori
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The purpose of an acetic acid rinse in the Gomori one-step trichrome procedure is to:
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make color shades more transparent
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Differental staining of nuclei and cytoplasm with Giemsa solution is an example of:
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polychromasia
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Which of the following histological features is unique to cardiac muscle?
a) cross-striations b)peripherally located nuclei c) intercalated discs d) non-branching fibers |
intercalated discs
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Pigment that is present on the surface of cells but not within them is probably:
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artifactual
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Oligodendroglia are cells that function in the production and maintenance of myelin sheaths that surround:
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axons
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Which of the following is an example of a metochromatic stain?
a) Congo red b) orange G c) toluidine blue d) thioflavin T |
c) toluidine blue
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Hemosiderin can be removed from tissue by treating the sections with dilute solution of:
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sulfuric acid
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Which of the following procedures will demonstrate most amoebae in tissue sections?
a) Grocott methenamine silver b) Kinyoun acid-fast c) Mayer mucicarmine d) PAS |
PAS
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Which of the follownig is an iron hematoxylin solution that is frequently used for nuclear staining?
a) Harris b) Delafield c) Mayer d) Weigert |
d) Weigert
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The pigment that is formed following a reaction of ferrous ions with potassium ferricyanide is known as:
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turnball blue
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Microscopic examination of a skeletal muscle section stained with PTAH reveals very pale pink staining of teh collagen. The most common cause of this pale staining is:
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prolonged water and alcohol rinses
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A staining procedure that allows correlative studies of a cellular elements, fiber pathways, and vascular components of the nervous system is the Luxol fast blue combined with the ___ stain.
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PAS-hematoxylin
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Cells that are numerous in connective tissue and have cytoplasmic granules that satin metachromatically are:
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mast cells
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An elastic tissue stain that may also be useful for staining beta cells of pancreatic islets is:
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Gomori aldehyde fuchsin
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Stains for simple lipids are preformed on which of the following sections:
a) paraffin b) frozen c) celloidin d) glycol methacrylate |
b) frozen
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The toughest of the connective tissue fibers is:
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collagen
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Which of the following is the only hematogenous pigment found in normal red blood cells?
a) hemoglobin b) hemosiderin c) hematoidin d) hemozoon |
a) hemoglobin
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Oil red O staining is based on the principle of:
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absorption
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Which of the following methods involves the reduction of ferric ions to ferrous ions followed by precipitation with the Turnball blue reaction?
a) Schmorl b) Grimelius c) Servier-Munger d) Gmelin |
a) Schmorl
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In the Gomori aldehyde fuchsin technique, elastic fibers stain:
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violet-purple
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A method that will selectively stain astrocytes in frozen sections is the:
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Cajal gold sublimate
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Which of the following is an argyrophil stain for neurofibrils that can also be used to demonstrate neurosecretory granules?
a) Cajal b) Fontana-Masson c) Sevier-Munger d) Weil |
c) Sevier-Munger
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Some argentaffin cells are also known as:
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Kulchitsky cell
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Which of the following acts as the differentiating solution in the Verhoeff-van Gieson procedure?
a) Weigert iodine solution b) borax ferricyanide c) ferric chloride d) acid alcohol |
c) ferric chloride
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The staining mechanism in which metallic substance are selectively deposited are selectively deposited on structures and made visible by reduction of the metal is called:
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impregnation
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Entamoeba histolytica can be demonstrated ell with which of the following procedures or methods?
a) Gordon-Sweets b) von Kossa c) PAS d) Schmorl |
c) PAS
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In the Gomori one-step trichrome stain, collagen stains:
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green
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In humans, nonkeratinizing stratified squamous epithelium is found lining/covering the:
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esophagus
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The cytoplasmic granules in connective tissue mast cells stain well with:
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toluidine blue
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In the Weigert stain for fibrin, the principal coloring agent is:
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crystal violet
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Microscopic examination of an H&E-stained section reveals basophlic material in the cytoplasm of the neurons. This material is most likely:
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RNA
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Which of the following methods is a modification of the Bodian technique that uses a buffered impregnation solution to increase the specificity of stain?
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Holmes
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Which of the following stains is dependent upon difference in the bacterial cell wall for differential staining?
a) Gridley b) Gram c) Grocott d) Warthin-Starry |
b) Gram
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Acid-alcohol decolorizers are generally recommended over aqueous decolorizers for use with acid-fast procedures because alcoholic solutions:
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allow more uniform decolorization
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A section of which of the following provides a control when demonstrating elastic fibers?
a) lung b) kidney c) spleen d) liver |
a) lung
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Which of the following hematoxylin solutions contains ethylene glycol and aluminum sulfate?
a) Harris b) Delafield c) Gill d) Mayer |
c) Gill
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A tumor or new growth largely made up of nerve cells is called a(n):
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neuroma
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In the Jones and Gomori methenamine-silver techniques for basement membranes, sections are oxidized with:
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chromic acid
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To aid in the specific identification of a mycotic infection, which of the following techniques may be used?
a) Schmorl b) fluorescent antibody c) MacCallum-Goodpasture d) Sevier-Munger |
b) fluroescent antibody
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A component of nerve tissue that can be demonstrated by gold and silver impregnation techniques is/are:
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neurofibrils
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Nissl substances can be demonstrated with which of the following stains?
a) thionin and cresyl echt violet b) eosin and phloxine c) silver nitrate and gold sublimate d) orange G and methyl blue |
a) thionin and cresyl echt violet
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Tissue intended for Brown-Hopps staining of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria is fixed in Bouin solution. The most likely effect of this fixative on staining results is to:
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inhibit staining
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In the Wilder technique for demonstrating reticulin, uranyl nitrate acts as a(n):
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sensitizer
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Microscopic evaluation of an H&E-stained section reveals dark deposits of material dispersed irregularly over the tissue. The most likely cause of this problem is that the hematoxylin solution:
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was not filtered before use
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Microscopic evaluation of a GMS-stained section shows elastic fibers, crenated red cells, and mucin all stained black. This is most likely the result of:
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overexposure to hot methenamine silver
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During microscopic examination of a fungus stain, extraneous fungal elements are seen above rather than in the section. The most likely cause for this problem is:
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contaminated staining solutions
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Sections of lung stained with GMS and PAS show positive staining of what appear to be cryptococcal organisms. However, the same oval-shaped bodies are seen in non-granulomatous areas and on edges of the tissue. This "positive" staining material is therefore most likely:
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talcom powder
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Spirochetes are filamentous bacteria that are known to be:
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argyrophilic
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Following hematoxylin and eosin staining, slides are dehydrated through ascending strengths of alcohol and cleared in xylene in the series is milky white. The most appropriate action is to:
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change alcohol and xylenes at the end of the series
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In the Warthin-Starry technique, occasional staining of nuclei, melanin, and other pigments may interfere with identification of the microorganisms. Modifications in the staining procedure that might eliminate this problem are:
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shorter development and a lower pH
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If hematoxylin is unavailable, which of the following dyes is recommended as a substitute in a routine hematoxylin and eosin procedure?
a) methyl blue b) aniline blue c) Nile blue A d) celestine blue |
d) celestine blue
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The PTAH stain is useful for demonstrating:
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muscle striations
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Hemosiderin is thought to be composed of ferric iron and:
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protein
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The density of collagen fibers in any given organ varies from "loose" to "dense" according to the:
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location and function
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In slides stained with H&E, the sections appear very pink, with pale-reddish brown nuclei. Of the following, the most appropriate action is to:
a) restain the sections for a longer time in hematoxylin b) discard and replace the ammonia water c) replace the hematoxylin with fresh solution d) the inability to tone |
replace the hematoxylin with fresh solution
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In silver impregnation techniques, the use of improperly cleaned glassware results in:
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nonselective silver precipitation
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Which of the following methods stains elastic tissue brown?
a) acid orcein b) resorcin-fuchsin c) Gomori aldehyde fuchsin d) Verhoeff-van Gieson |
acid orcein
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The function of potassium permanganate in the PTAH method is thought to be that of a:
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mordant
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A hematoxylin stain primarily used to demonstrate amoebae is:
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Heidenhain iron
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The pathologist has requested a Feulgen procedure on a lymph node. The staining sequence for this procedure is:
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hydrochloric acid, Schiff, sulfurous acid, light green
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Fresh silver solutions were properly prepared and used in a Warthin-Starry technique. After completion of the procedure, the positive control doe not demonstrate spirochetes. Of the following, the most likely reason for this problem is:
a) poorly fixed tissue b) contaminated glassware c) improperly prepared reducing solution d) incorrectly selected mordant |
improperly prepared reducing solution
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The function of Bouin fluid in trichrome stains is that of a(n):
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mordant
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In order to protect the leprosy organism from extraction of the acid-fasts component, sections are deparaffinized in xylene and:
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peanut oil
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In the Verhoeff-van Gieson technique, ferric chloride and iodine in the Verhoeff solution function initially as mordants and then as:
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oxidizers
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A black pigment that is insoluble, often found in the lungs and hilar lymph nodes, cannot be bleached and cannot be identified by typical chemical reactions for pigments is most likely:
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anthracotic
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Which of the following tissue components can be stained by Weigert resorcin-fuchsin, Hard resorcin-fuchsin, or orcinol-new fuchsin?
a) reticular fibers b) myosin fibers c) elastic fibers d) collagen fibers |
c) elastic fibers
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Sections stained with the Grocott procedure for fungi were originally completely satisfactory. After several weeks of being exposed to light, however, a granular black precipitate can be seen over the sections. This is most likely due to the omission during staining of:
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sodium thiosulfate
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The routine staining procedures for liver biopsies include duplicate H&E, PAS with and without diastase, trichrome, reticulin, and iron stains. While doing the stains, a trichrome stain is accidently done on the slide designated for PAS without diastase. There are no more unstained sections. Aside from cutting more sections, which of the following stained sections ould be best to destain and then stain for PAS without diastase?
a) trichrome b) PAS with diastase c) reticulin d) H&E |
d) H&E
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Mordants are generally classified as:
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metallic
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The oxidizer in the Gridley procedure for reticulin fibers is:
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periodic acid
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A rapid bile identification technique that involves destruction of tissue sections by acid is the:
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Gmelin test
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The oxidizer used in the Gomori reticulin method is:
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potassium permanganate
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The purpose of nonmetallic forceps, acid-cleaned glassware, and triple-distilled water in silver techniques is to prevent:
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contamination of the silver solution
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Another name for fat cells is:
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adipocytes
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Elastic fibers have an affinity for which of the following stains?
a) Sudan b) indigo c) brazilin d) orecin |
d) orecin
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Of the following, the most reliable stain for demonstrating gram-negative bacteria in tissue sections is the:
a) Giemsa b) Brown-Hopps c) Ziehl-Neelsen d) Grocott |
b) Brown-Hopps
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A delicate 3-demensional connective tissue meshwork that forms the framework of organs such as the spleen and lymph nodes is made of:
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reticular fibers
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Carmine and aluminum chloride combine to form Mayer:
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mucicarmine
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In the Bodian technique, Protargol impregnates both neurofibrils and connective tissue. Subsequently, connective tissue is rendered colorless by replacement of the silver with:
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gold
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Cartilage is characterized by a solid intercellular substance that stains metachromatically called:
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chondromucin
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The primary dye used in rapid, non-silver staining procedure to demonstrate H. pylori is:
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azure-eosin
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The chromic acid-Schiff procedure that demonstrates the cell walls of fungi is known as:
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Bauer method
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A method that will stain hemoglobin emerald-green is:
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Dunn-Thompson
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In the Feulgen reaction for nucleic acids, slides are placed in 1N hydrochloric acid to promote:
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hydrolysis
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The Grocott methenamine-silver method can be used to demonstrate:
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uric acid
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Important factors affecting gram-positive staining of some organisms include the:
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age of organism
acidity of environment |
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The Schmorl method will stain reducing substances:
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blue
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Microscopic evaluation of a Wright-stained smear reveals poor nuclear staining and very little cytoplasmic differentiation. This is most likely the result of:
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an improper pH
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A component in the cell nucleus that stains strongly with basic dyes is called:
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chomatin
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The nerve process that carries electrical impulses away from the cell body is called a(n):
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axon
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Differentiating agents in the Luxol fast blue procedure for myelin are:
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lithium carbonate and 70% alcohol
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In the Masson trichrome method, muscle fibers are colored:
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red
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The staining method considered to be most sensitive and specific for copper is the ___ method.
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rhodamine
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The Mallory technique uses aniline blue to stain:
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collagen
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Which of the following chemicals functions as an oxidizer?
a) aluminum sulfate b) sodium sulfite c) potassium permanganate d) acetic acid |
Proc) potassium permanganate
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The most commonly used dye solution for staining Mycobacterium tuberculosis is composed of:
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basic fuchsin and phenol
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Ammonia water, lithium carbonate soluton, and Scott tap water substitute are examples of:
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bluing agents
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Procedures that demonstrate argentaffin granules include which of the following?
a) Grimelius and Sevier-Munger b) Churukian-Schenck and Bodian c) Fontana-Masson and Gomori-Burtner d) Pascual and Gros-Schultze |
c) Fontana-Masson and Gomori-Burtner
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An organism that is resistant to decolorization after staining with a basic aniline dye followed by an iodine mordant is referred to as:
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gram-positive
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In the Brown-Hopps stain, one of the differentiating solutions is:
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Gallego solution
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In the Verhoeff-van Gieson technique, elastic fibers stain:
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blue-black to black
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The most commonly used phenolic compound for reducing absorbed silver to a visible metallic state in argyrophil procedures such as Warthin-Starry is:
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hydroquinone
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The term "argentaffin" literally denotes a reaction wherein cells have the ability to reduce a salt of:
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silver
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When excessive melanin deposition interferes with examination of cellular morphology, melanin pigment can be removed by bleaching a section with:
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potassium permanganate
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The selectivity for nuclear staining by Harris hematoxylin can be increased by adding:
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aluminum salts
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A stained section mounted with a synthetic resin appears cloudy. This is most likely the result of using a mounting medium that has:
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become too thick
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Thionin will stain Nissl substances because Nissl substance is:
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metachromatic
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Filamentous structures known as "hyphae" are associated with which of the following microorganisms?
a) bacteria b) protozoa c) viruses d) fungi |
d) fungi
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Picric acid, eosin, and tartrazine are examples of what type of dye?
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plasma
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Tissue composed of a network of bony trabeculae separated bby interconnecting bone marrow spaces is characteristic of:
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cancellous bone
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Which of the following is the oxidizer in the Snook and Laidlaw methods for demonstrating reticulin fibers?
a) periodic acid b) phophomolybdic acid c) ferric ammonium sulfate d) potassium permanganate |
potassium permanganate
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The second differentiating solution used in the Weil method contains sodium borate and:
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potassium ferricyanide
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The property of "acid fastness" appears to be related to the walls of organisms that contain:
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lipid
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A method sometimes used for increasing the diffusion rate of dye molecules and thereby increasing the rate of staining is bye increasing the ___ of the dye solution.
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temperature
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Which of the following groups of dyes are generally used for counterstaining?
a) metanil yellow, methylene blue, Prussian blue b) methylene blue, methyl green, nuclear fast red c) eosin, phloxine, carmine d) eosin, metanil yellow, orcein |
b) methylene blue, methyl green, nuclear fast red
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Which of the following connective tissue components is sudanophilic?
a) elastin b) reticulin c) adipose d) cartilage |
c) adipose
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A technique for demonstrating calcium wherein sections immersed in silver nitrate solution are exposed to bright light is the:
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von Kossa
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In the Holzer method, glial fibers are stained with:
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crystal violet
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Commonly used mordants for making hematoxylin solutions are:
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ammonium aluminum sulfate and ferric ammonium sulfate
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Microscopic examination of a bone marro aspirate smear stained with Giemsa shows blue-gray erythrocytes and blue leukocytes. The most likely explanation for this result is that the:
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staining solution is too alkaline
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Tissue from which of the following organs provide the best control for reticulin stains?
a) heart b) uterus c) liver d) lung |
c) liver
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In the Masson trichome procedure, after staining with Biebrich scarlet-acid fuchsin, sections are differentiated with:
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phosphomolybdic-phosphotungstic acid
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Which of the following is an example of a basic dye?
a) toluidine blue b) ponceau S c) orange G d) acridine orange |
a) toluidine blue
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Nissl substance is predominantly composed of:
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rough endoplasmic reticulum
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Two controls may be necessary to check the strength of a phosphotungstic acid-hematoxylin solution, depending on the purpose of the stain. The correct control pair is striated muscle and:
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brain
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Aldehyde fuchsin to be used for elastic stains is generally stable for:
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3 to 4 weeks at 4⁰C
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A combination method for demonstrating fat and myelin in frozen sections of brain is the Luxol fast blue stain combine with:
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oil red O
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A possible cause of poor staining by Gomori aldehyde fuchsin solution is that:
a) fresh paraldehyde was used b) the dye was not the correct color index c) hydrochloric acid was used d) 70% ethanol was used as the dye solvent |
b) the dye was not the correct color index
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Argentaffin procedures can be made more specific for melanin by first oxidizing non-melanin reducing substances using:
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iodine
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In the Gomori technique, sodium urate crystals are stained with:
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methenamine-silver
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Granules found in cells of the adrenal medulla that appear brown when fixed in Orth solutions are called:
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chromaffin
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The bacteria Legionella pneumophila can be demonstrated using which staining method?
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Steiner
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Some dye solutions are made colorless by reduction, used for identification of specific tissue components, and then reoxidized to restore the color. The term applied to these colorless compounds is:
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leuco
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In neurons, chromatolysis refers to the loss of:
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Nissl substance
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Because melanin can bind and reduce silver without the use of a separate reducing agent, it is said to be:
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argentaffin
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In silver impregnation methods, gold chloride is used as a(n):
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toner
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A staining method for distinguishing muscle, elastic fibers, and collagen/reticular fibers from one another is:
a) Movat pentachrome b) Mallory aniline blue c) Lillie allochrome d) Mallory PTAH |
a) Movat pentachrome
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In the Hotchkiss-McManus PAS technique, polysaccharides present in fungal alls are oxidized by:
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periodic acid
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The connective tissue cells actively involved in wound repair are:
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fibroblasts
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The most appropriate method demonstrating acid-fast organisms that are difficult to stain by other methods is the ___ method.
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Wade
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In acid-fast staining, drying of the section after carbol-fuchsin staining should be avoided because repeated attempts at removing the insoluble compound formed by drying may result in:
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complete decolorization of organisms
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The process by which the mineral content of tissue can be studied following removal of organic tissue components is called:
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microincineration
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Insoluble compounds that resist decolorization with ether-acetone are noted on microscopic evaluation of a control section stained with the Brown-Hopps stain. The presence of these compounds is probably due to:
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sections being allowed to dry during staining
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In staining methods demonstrating reticulin, potassium permanganate, phosphomolybdic acid, and periodic acid function as:
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oxidizers
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To demonstrate degenerating myelin, the Marchi method uses:
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osmium tetroxide
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A phosphotungstic acid-hematoxylin solution can be ripened for immediate use by adding:
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potassium permanganate
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The staining of simple fats with lipid-soluble dyes depends on:
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physical processes
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Two eosinophilic tissue components that may be difficult to distinguish mophologically are:
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collagen and smooth muscle
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Small amounts of ferric iron are normally found in the:
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spleen
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Which of the following methods uses ammoniacal silver cabronate for impregnation of neurofibrils:
a) Rio-Hortega b) Nonidez c) Holzer d) Marchi |
a) Rio-Hortega
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Sections are stained with Harris hematoxylin for 5 minutes and then treated with dilute hydrochloric acid. This type of staining is referred to as:
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regressive
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The color range seen in Romanowsky stains is the result of:
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the combination of derivatives of methylene blue with eosin
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The major disadvantage of using crystal violet technique for the demonstration of amyloid is that:
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the preparation is not permanent
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A tissue has been fixed in NBF. To acheive optimum results with Mallory PTAH stain, the microscopic sections should be:
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mordanted in Zenker fixative
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When checking a control slide stained with Luxol fast blue, a good stain should show a sharp differentiation between:
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gray and white matter
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Colophonium (rosin) is used in the Wohlback-Giemsa technique to:
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differentiate the tissue elements
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A PTAH staining solution produces the best results when it is:
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allowed to oxidize naturally
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis may be demonstrated with which of the following stains?
a) crystal violet b) leucofuchsin c) acid fuchsin d) carbol-fuchsin |
d) carbol-fuchsin
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Which of the following is a hydrophobic mounting medium?
a) synthetic resin b) gelatin c) glycerol d) gum syrup |
a) synthetic resin
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Spirochetes in fixed tissue are best demonstrated by:
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metallic impregnation
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Sections stained with oil-soluble dyes must be mounted in a medium which:
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will retain lipids
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Fite, Ziehl-Neelsen, and Kinyoun are names associated with:
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microorganisms
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In the Feulgen reaction, hydrochloric acid reacts with DNA to create:
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aldehyde groups
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Tissue from which of the following organs should be selected as a control for the alcian blue technique (pH 2.5)?
a) skin b) kidney c) muscle d) colon |
d) colon
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the silver nitrate technique of Fontana may be used to demonstrate:
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argentaffin cells
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Sections were stained using the microwave oven. The tissue at the top of the slide stained darker than that at the bottom portion. To prevent this from happening in the future:
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remove the slides from the oven and agitate solution
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The purpose of diastase in a PAS stain is to:
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combine with disaccharide sugars
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One of the components demonstrated in a section stained with Luxol fast blue and counterstained with cresyl echt violet is/are:
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Nissl substance
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An alcian blue stain at pH 2.5 has been requested, but no alcian blue is available. Which of the following procedures could be preformed to give equivalent results?
a) Luxol fast blue b) periodic acid-Schiff c) colloidal iron d) mucicarmine |
c) colloidal iron
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In the Weil stain, borax ferricyanide differentiates the stain by:
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oxidation
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Regressive hematoxylin staining is defined as:
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first overstaining, then differentiating
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Which of the following may be used to stain glycogen, polysaccharides, and glycoproteins?
a) perioxidase b) Sudan black B c) periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) d) nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) |
c) periodic acid-schiff (PAS)
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A fresh solution of equal parts of potassium ferrocyanide and hydrochloric acid gives a positive reaction with:
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iron
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Bouin-fixed tissue is unsatisfactory for:
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the Feulgen reaction
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Which of the following procedures should be selected for the demonstration of axons?
a) Luxol fast blue b) Bodian c) cresyl echt violet d) Holzer |
b) Bodian
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A mordant in combination with a dye:
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forms a dye lake
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Delafield hematoxylin is most commonly aged with:
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light
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Generally, acid dyes are differentiated in solutons that are wearkly:
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basic
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An amphoteric substance is one that can act as a(n):
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acid or base
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The type of staining in which a weak solution of stain is used with the assumption that it will be differentially absorbed by various structures is called:
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direct
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Microscopic sections stained with H&E show a lack of nuclear staining even though the hematoxylin is well-ripened and all other solutions are fresh. Which of the following factors could explain the poor result?
a) the slides were left too long in the neutralizer b) prolonged storage of wet tissue in unbuffered formalin c) the pH of the hematoxylin is between 2 an 2.4 d) the embedding paraffin is too hot |
b) prolonged storage of wet tissue in unbuffered formalin
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Microscopic review of H&E-stained sections reveals that the eosin is very pale. This is most likely due to:
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inadequate rinsing after neutralization
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The staining mechanism whereby dye adheres to the surface of structures is called:
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adsorption
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Weigert hematoxylin solution is generally unsatisfactory for use after 3 to 4:
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days
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In a routine staining series, slides placed in xylene for clearing prior to coverslipping have an opaque appearance. This is most likely due to incomplete:
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dehydration
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Tissue sections were stained for the recommended time with an H&E procedure using Harris hematoxylin. A quality control check shows pale nuclear staining. A likely cause of this could be:
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too much time in the differentiated solution
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Dyes used for nuclear staining are:
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basic
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A stock solution of Harris hematoxylin is being prepared for use in the routine H&E procedure. To make it an effective nuclear stain, the dye must be:
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oxidized
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